نوع المستند : علمی ـ پژوهشی
المؤلفون
1 أستاذ مساعد، قسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها، کلیة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانیة، جامعة الشهید بهشتي، طهران، إیران،
2 طالبة الدکتوراه، قسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها، کلیة العلوم الإنسانیة، جامعة تربیت مدرس، طهران، إیران،
المستخلص
الكلمات الرئيسية
عنوان المقالة [English]
المؤلفون [English]
1- Introduction
The relationship between war and violence is tight; So that no war is free of violence and it is almost one of its types that societies or individuals use against each other. Violence with its different types is considered a widespread social phenomenon in all societies that has been started at the same time as the beginning of human life, and there is no society whose members are not affected by all types of violence. It is a common social phenomenon in different societies with its different types, which started with the beginning of human life and has different amounts and types, and it forms the main material of most literatures, which includes its types in their literary works, especially in the field of novels and in the research framework evaluated unknown characters who suffer from separation and alienation and reflects the identity mixed with the concerns of death, deprivation, destruction and killing. Beirut Beirut is one of the historical novels that deals with the realistic history of the Lebanese internal war and the suffering of its people; Because during the years 1975 to 1990, it witnessed an internal war and the phenomenon of violence spread and took the lives of thousands of Lebanese, and Beirut lost its peace, security and warmth with this war to become a space for all kinds of violence.
2- A Summary of Research
The novel "Beirut Beirut" includes an important history of Lebanon's past, and in addition, it reveals the reality of Lebanon during that difficult period. This article aims to investigate the types of violence and how it is depicted in the novel "Beirut Beirut", in order to investigate the impact of violence in this novel. Considering the forms of violence and through literary techniques such as the use of media such as newspaper, radio and cinema, the author clarifies its types in the novel and through these techniques, he seeks to portray the reality of the Lebanese people who are under the burden and they lived in continuous violence and wars, in line with expressing the loneliness of the city of Beirut and the tragedy of those who live in it; Because this novel does its best from the crisis of common violence in this city and uncovering the oppression, oppression and torture against its people.
3- Research Method
The working method in this research is descriptive-analytical.
4- Achievement & Analysis
The cinematographic techniques in this novel have been used precisely and properly by the author and the author has been able to show a historical movie for the reader by using close and far sequences, montage, etc. and by attracting his deep attention regarding the historical events, the events of the internal war and its unfortunate consequences, in the best way, it has used narrative forms in the service of the theme and has been mostly successful.
5- Conclusion
As certified by this writing, history has played a significant role in the novel Beirut Beirut, and historical events have imposed a special style on the author of the novel, in order to express historical events in a way that fits the historical structure of the novel. In fact, this novel is a mirror of the entire reality of the historical period in which the Lebanese citizen lives. The author has managed to depict all the details in it.
Violence occupies a large part of the space of the novel and its types such as physical, political, economic, verbal, social and religious are abundantly seen in this novel. Meanwhile, the media has played a significant role in helping innocent people, saving their lives and keeping them away from all kinds of danger, conflict and violence.
الكلمات الرئيسية [English]
خشونت و جلوههای آن در رمان "بیروت بیروت" اثر صنعاللّه ابراهیم
أمیر فرهنگ نیا[1]
فاطمه فرجی[2]
چکیده
هر جامعه در جنگ، تحت تأثیر پیامدهای خشونت قرار می‌گیرد. رابطهی میان این دو تنگاتنگ است؛ بطوریکه هیچ جنگی عاری از خشونت نیست. پدیدهی اجتماعی گسترده در همه جوامع که با آغاز زندگی بشر، هیچ جامعهای به دور از آن نیست. گونههای مختلفی داشته و موضوع اصلی ادبایی است که در آثار ادبی و بویژه رمان، به شخصیتهایی پرداختند که از جدایی و غربت رنج میبرند و هویت آمیخته با دغدغههای مرگ، محرومیت، ویرانی و کشتار را انعکاس میدهد. "بیروت بیروت"، رمانی تاریخی است که به جنگ داخلی لبنان می‌پردازد که در1975-1990 شاهد جنگی داخلی بود که خشونت را رواج داد و جان هزاران لبنانی را گرفت. بیروت در پی آن، آرامش خود را از دست داد و به فضایی برای انواع خشونت‌ها تبدیل شد. "بیروت بیروت" تاریخ مهم گذشته لبنان را دربر گرفته و واقعیت زیسته لبنان را در آن دوره‌ی دشوار آشکار می‌سازد. این مقاله در صدد بررسی انواع خشونت و ترسیم آن در "بیروت بیروت" و بررسی تأثیر خشونت در این رمان با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. بخشی از نتایج حاکیست: انواع خشونت در رمان عبارتند از: سیاسی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی، و نویسنده با تکنیک‌های ادبی مانند بکارگیری رسانه‌هایی چون روزنامه،رادیو و سینما،به شفافسازی انواع آن می‌پردازد و در راستای بیان غربت بیروت و تراژدی آنهایی که در آن به سر میبرند، به دنبال ترسیم واقعیت لبنانیهایی است که زیر بار خشونت و جنگ‌های پیاپی زندگی می‌کردند؛ چراکه هویت این رمان، بر بحران خشونت رایج در این شهر و پرده برداشتن از ظلم، سرکوب و شکنجه مبتنی است.
کلید‌واژه‌ها: جنگ داخلی، رسانه، خشونت، بیروت بیروت، صنعالله ابراهیم.
[1] - استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکده ادبیات و عوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران، a_farhangnia@sbu.ac.ir، (نویسنده مسئول)
[2]- دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، إیران، farajii.fatemeh75@gmail.com
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