نوع المستند : علمی ـ پژوهشی
المؤلفون
1 خریج مرحلة الدکتوراه من جامعة طهران، إيران
2 أستاذ مشارک فرع اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة طهران، إيران
3 أستاذ مساعد، فرع اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة فرهنکيان، طهران، إيران
4 أستاذة مساعدة، فرع اللغة العربية وآدابها بجامعة فرهنکيان، طهران، إيران،
المستخلص
الكلمات الرئيسية
عنوان المقالة [English]
المؤلفون [English]
Contemporary Arabic poetry is objective poetry by distinction, and we see the logical and fundamental relationship between contemporary Arab poetry and between place and man, and this contemporary poetry reflects the Arab man and the problems of political, social and economic reality. We hardly find a poet and poet who lives in isolation from the place and from the human in general. From this point of view we see the person and the place at the threshold of objectivity Contemporary Arabic poetry does not submit to contemporary Arabic poetry and does not obey the issue of other than human beings and the problems of the place. Contemporary Arabic poetry, a result of frictions and clashes, emerged from its narrow framework and opened up to the many different themes of culture, civilization, identity and vision. One of the most important topics discussed in contemporary Arab poetry is the issue of civilization and the civilizational conflict between the Arab ego and between the West and its civilization, and in reality the subject of civilization and the problematic of civilization has become the subject and building of the contemporary poetic image of the realist poets who embody the Arab and the foreign ego in the frame of images and at the level of civilization and this is the subject of the image. Poetry is in a large part of it in contemporary poetry. Let us not go beyond the righteousness if we say that contemporary Arabic poetry contains a civilized vision, especially among poets who have a deep belonging to their land, homeland and civilization, and the people of the gardener and Ali Jafar Al-Alaq are the leadership in this topic and in contemporary Palestinian poetry, we find that the clash between the ego and the other On the cultural level, he is the main subject of Fawzi al-Bakri's poetry, and he is considered the only poet among the poets of Jerusalem who deviated in his poetry from the framework of resistance, war and struggle to consecrate the topic of civilization in his poetry, and this topic is the true building block for the poet’s poetic image. Through evoking the civilized other, the poet tries in his poems to expose the Western civilization and reveal his identity and the woes of this material civilization characterized by brutality and arrogance, and he also calls for building a new civilization and limiting the incursion of Western material civilization into the Arab land, by clinging to a set of basic principles to build the new civilization. This research paper seeks, through an objective vision, to study this important poetic feature of Fawzi al-Bakri’s poetry by selecting some poetic models from the poet’s poetry. We aim from behind delving into the poet’s poetic world and shedding light on an important aspect of al-Bakri’s poetry, to reveal and show the two opposing images of the Eastern and Arab other. Against the Israeli and American other, we find clear responses to a set of questions that act as the main motivation for such a visionary and deep approach:What are the most important specifications and features of Western civilization according to Fawzi Al-Bakri's vision, and what are the basic indicators for building civilization? How is the image of the Arab self and the image of the foreign other manifested on the cultural level in the poet's poetry?This research paper reached many results, which we summarize:
- Fawzi Al-Bakri is considered one of the distinguished poetic voices in the resistant Palestinian poetry, and he is the only one among the poets of Jerusalem who remained in it and did not leave Jerusalem and defended his poems from which the spirit of enthusiasm and resistance leaves his land and his homeland and despite all the pressures directed to him, he did not give up and did not retreat, but rather increased his determination and insistence on me. Attendance and resistance.
- Al-Bakri reveals in his poems the Western identity and the material civilization of the West and expresses the wildness and animalism of this civilization. Western civilization, according to Fawzi Al-Bakri, as a result of elevating the status of science and its sanctification, did not achieve the happiness and idealism of the human being and the quality of the vision to science, and the loss of spiritual truth among Western society is one of the most important crises of Western civilization. The absence of creative civilization action also causes frustration and degradation of this civilization and the brutality that the West brings to the peoples of the world. According to Fawzi Al-Bakri, it is only a result of the material hegemony over Western thought and Western civilization.
- In addition to his attempt to destroy Western civilization and uncover the reality of this civilization, he calls for building a new civilization of tradition and originality in which the relationship with religion and the truth of faith are the valuable stock of this civilization without the new civilization being purely materialistic and in reality the poet rejects his intellectual inclination towards the West and the truth. In the attempt to build civilization, he calls for the sacredness of high values and their propagation in society and the rejection of the vice values that the West and Western material civilization boast about.
- In the field of civilization, it calls for intellectual uprooting, non-intellectual and cultural Westernization, confronting the civilizational attack of the West, and confronting the intellectual tendency towards the material civilization of the West. The means for this confrontation is the civilized belonging of the Arab man, and in addition to the poet’s assertion of civilized belonging, he affirms the reverence of the noble human values that the noble human instinct aspires to. Religion, faith and knowledge as a means of advancing man and pushing him forward, but he is in the presence of faith and religion so that man does not deviate from his path.
الكلمات الرئيسية [English]
رویارویی و بازساخت در سطح تمدنی در شعر فوزي بکري
حسین الیاسي مفرد[1]
مسعود فکري**
عاطي عبیات***
زینب قاسمي اصل****
چکیده
موضوع تمدن و رویارویی تمدن‌ها از موضوع‌های مهم شعر معاصر عربی به شمار می‌رود و در شعر شعرای متعهد به وطن و سرزمین خویش، شاهد نمونه‌های فراوانی از تصاویر برخورد تمدنی و ستیز تمدنی بین خود و دیگری هستیم. پژوهش حاضر با تکیه بر روش توصیفی_ تحلیلی به بررسی جنبه‌ای مهم از شعر فوزی بکری می‌پردازد که همان ترسیم آگاهانه خودِ تمدنی در برابر دیگریِ تمدنی است. پژوهش حاضر برای این منظور شواهدی از شعر شاعر را که ترسیم‌گر این ستیز تمدنی بین خود و دیگری است از میان اشعار شاعر برگزیده است. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر این است که تمدن غربی از نگاه بکری، تمدنی مادی‌گرا و ماتریالیست است که وحشی‌گری، خشونت، وخراب و ویرانی را برای دیگر ملت‌ها به ارمغان آورده است و بر این عقیده است که وحشی‌گری تمدن کنونی غرب از یک سو نتیجه دستاوردهای علمی غرب و از سوی دیگر کم رنگ بودن مبدأ حقیقی انسان در این تمدن است. حضور خود تمدنی نیز در شعر شاعر، حضوری منفی در دو سطح سیاسی و ایدئولوژیکی است و کشورهای عربی در حال حاضر در مقابل وحشی‌گری غرب نیازمند بازساخت تمدنی نوین و دارای اصالت و بر اساس نگرش و دید آگاهانه و فکر روشن است که رؤیای انسان را محقق می‌سازد. تمدنی نوین بر اساس معیارهایی چون تقدیس ارزش‌های والای انسانی و گرایش حقیقی به ارزش‌ها و وابستگی به تمدن خودی وعدم گرایش فکری به سوی غرب وتمدن مادی‌اش که ویرانی و تراژدی را برای دنیا به ارمغان آورده است.
کلیدواژهها: شعر عربی معاصر، فوزی بکری، خود و دیگری، تمدن غربی، تمدن شرقی.
*دانش آموخته دکتری تخصصی زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران(نویسنده مسئول) ايميل: hsn_elyasi@ut.ac.ir
**دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران، ایمیل: Mfekri@ut.ac.ir .
*** استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران، ایمیل: ati.abyat@cfu.ac.ir
**** استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران، ایمیل: z.ghasemiasl@ut.ac.ir
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