دور الإمکانيّة الجغرافيّة في تطوّر وازدهار خوزستان التجاري في القرون الأولى للإسلام

نوع المستند : علمی ـ پژوهشی

المؤلفون

1 أستاذه مساعده في قسم التاریخ وحضارة الأمم الإسلامیه، جامعة الإمام الخمینی(ره) الدولیة، قزوین، إیران

2 أستاذ في قسم التاریخ وحضارة الأمم الإسلامیه، جامعة طهران، طهران، إیران

3 أستاذ مساعد في قسم تاریخ التشیع، جامعة حکیم سبزواري، سبزوار، ایران

المستخلص

        يتناول هذا البحث أهم المميّزات الجغرافيّة في محافظة خوزستان خلال فترة ما بين القرن الأوّل حتى القرن الخامس الهجري، منها: توزيع السکّان والمهاجرين، والکثافة السکّانيّة، وشبکات الطرق المرتبطة بها، کالطرق البرّيّة والبحريّة، والدور الأساسي لهذه العناصر في نمو الزراعة وازدهار الصناعة في هذه المحافظة وأيضا التکوين الاقتصادي القائم على تصدير منتجات کالسکّر والمنسوجات المختلفة في المحافظة آنذاک؛ ويُظهر مدى تأثير المدن التجاريّة والتجّار والأسواق وطرق تواصل هذه المحافظة مع المحافظات المجاورة على التجارة. ومن ناحيةأخرى، أوضحت الدراسة مدى ثروة محافظة خوزستان في إحصائيّات الضرائب ومقارنتها مع المحافظات الأخرى. تعتمد هذه الدراسة في جمع بيانات الجغرافيا الإسلاميّة، على منهج البحث المکتباتي وتتّخذ أسلوب التأريخ التحليلي؛ وهنا يتّفق نهج التحليل مع منهج مدرسة الحوليّات؛ خاصّة دراسة التأثيراتالجغرافيّة التي ظهرت سابقاً في کتاب فرناند بروديل الشهير؛ أي المتوسط والعالم المتوسط في عهد فيليب الثاني.

الكلمات الرئيسية

عنوان المقالة [English]

The Feasibility Role of Geography in the Commercial Prosperity of Khuzestan during the First Islamic Centuries

المؤلفون [English]

  • Fatemeh Ahmadvand 1
  • Ahmad Reza Khezri 2
  • Yaqub Tabesh 3
1 Assistant Professor, History and Civilization of Islamic Nations Dept., Imam Khomeini International university, Qazvin, Iran
2 Professor, History and Civilization of Islamic Nations Dept., Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of History of Shiism Dept., Hakim Sabzevari University
المستخلص [English]

This article studies the main geographical features of Khuzestan province, especially populations and migrants, the density of cities and the complexity of roads related to them, including land and water roads, in order to show the underlying role of these elements in the flourishing agriculture and industry in this land. By these geographical capacities, the economic formation based on the export of products such as sugar and textiles and the impact of commercial cities, traders, markets and communication routes of this land to neighboring areas came into being. Then, the article by studying tax statistics of Khuzestan and comparing these statistics with other provinces of Iran during the period under study, i.e., the first to fifth centuries AH, the wealth of Khuzestan province compared to other provinces has been explained. One of the features of this research has been the use of a large volume of reports of geographical and historical sources about the wealth of Khuzestan and the density of its cities. In order for this large amount of data not to deviate the volume of the article from the ideal form of a research paper, an attempt has been made to present these data in a concise form in the form of tables: five tables of cities and homogeneity, analysis of the ratio of cities, ways and taxes of Khuzestan and tax tables of other provinces of Iran are the same part of compressing historical and geographical data presented in the article and making it possible to achieve constructive analyses based on historical facts. The data collection method of this library research has been historical with the benefit of Islamic geography and its method. The basis of data analysis is the studying model of the school of annual historiography, especially the geographical feasibility approach, and for the thematic framework, the famous work of Fernan Brodel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, has been exploited. In other words, although the study area of Brodel’s work was much wider than the geography studied in this article and on the other hand, the range of some statistical sources in Mediterranean geography in Khuzestan geography studied in this article did not exist, but the research model is similar to each of the two regions. By emphasizing the commercial similarities between the Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf, the authors of this article have tried to present an Oriental model of Mediterranean study in much shorter dimensions than the work of Brodel. However, it should be acknowledged that the nature of many research sources on Khuzestan in the historical period in this study is different from the sources on Mediterranean life, although this article has finally been able to be a comparative model of studying to that of Brodel, but in an Eastern land. In general, this research has provided an analytical-historical narrative of the amount of wealth produced and circulated in Khuzestan in the historical period in question and has been able to read the role of geographical agency in it to a considerable extent.

الكلمات الرئيسية [English]

  • Economic History
  • Khuzestan
  • Anal School

النص الكامل

نقش امکان­گرایانه جغرافیا در رونق تجاری خوزستان طی سده­های نخستین اسلامی

 

 

فاطمه احمدوند[1]

سید احمدرضا خضری[2]

یعقوب تابش[3]

 

چکیده

این پژوهش با مطالعه اصلی­ترین ویژگی­های جغرافیایی ولایت خوزستان به­ویژه جمعیت­ها و مهاجران، تراکم شهرها و پیچیدگی راه­های مرتبط با آنها، اعم از راه­های خشکی و آبی، نقش زمینه­ای این عناصر در شکل­گیری زراعت و صنعت شکوفا در این سرزمین و بر اساس آن، شکل­گیری اقتصادی متکی بر صادرات محصولاتی مانند شکر و انواع منسوجات را کاویده و تأثیر شهرهای تجاری، تاجران، بازارها و راه­های ارتباطی این سرزمین به مناطق همجوار را بر این چرخه تجاری نشان داده­است. همچنین بر اساس آمارهای مالیاتی و مقایسه این آمارها با ولایات دیگر ایران طی دوران مورد مطالعه یعنی قرون اول تا پنجم هجری، ثروتمندی ولایت خوزستان نسبت به سایر ولایات را تبیین ساخته است. شیوه گردآوری داده­های این پژوهش کتابخانه­ای، با بهره­مندی از جغرافیا­نگاری­های اسلامی و روش آن تاریخی بوده است. مبنای تحلیل داده­ها، الگوی مطالعاتی مکتب تاریخ­نگاری آنال، به­ویژه رهیافت امکان­گرایی جغرافیایی بوده و از چارچوب­بندی موضوعی اثر مشهور فرنان برودل یعنی مدیترانه­ وجهان ­مدیترانه­ای در عهد فیلیپ ­دوم برای این منظور، بهره­برداری شده است. 

 

کلیدواژه­ها:تاریخ ­اقتصادی، خوزستان، مکتب ­آنال.

 


[1] - استادیار گروه تاریخ و تمدن ملل اسلامی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران(نویسنده مسئول)

ahmadvand@ISR.ikiu.ac.ir

[2] - استاد گروه تاریخ و تمدن ملل اسلامی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران akhezri@ut.ac.ir

[3] - استادیار گروه تاریخ تشیع، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایرانy.tabesh@hsu.ac.ir

 

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آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية
المجلد 24، العدد 1 - الرقم المسلسل للعدد 47
الربیع و الصیف
2021
الصفحة 1-38

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