نوع المستند : علمی ـ پژوهشی
المؤلفون
1 أستاذ مشارک بقسم علوم القرآن والحدیث، جامعة تربیت مدرس
2 طالبة الدکتوراه فی فرع علوم القرآن والحدیث، جامعة تربیت مدرس،
المستخلص
الكلمات الرئيسية
عنوان المقالة [English]
المؤلفون [English]
The verse of guardianship (Maeda / 55) is one of the most important evidences of proving the Imamate and guardianship of Imam Ali (AS) and other Imams (AS). Shiite and Sunni scholars have agreed that the verse of Wilayah has been revealed in the honor of Imam Ali (AS) and at the time of giving alms in the bowing of his prayers, and there are many narrations with the correct document in confirmation of this issue. In order to refute Allameh Hilli’s arguments in his book Minhaj al-Karama, Ibn al-Taymiyyah compiled Minhaj al-Sunnah and mentions the sayings of Allameh Hilli under the title of “Qul al-Rafidi”. The purpose of Ibn Taymiyyah in writing this book is to prevent the publication of beliefs about the Shiite right about the concept of Imamate as a divine position and the inalienable right of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) in this regard. Among the cases that Ibn Taymiyyah has dealt with is the rejection of the cause of revelation and the meaning of the verse of Wilayah on the Imamate of Ali (AS). He tries to refute the meaning mentioned in the verse by giving literary, interpretive and narrative reasons called “aspects”. After collecting the materials, it was determined through library and documentary methods and a descriptive-analytical approach in analyzing the materials, and by examining and confirming the document and text of the narrations and presenting rational and Quranic reasons and Sunni and Shiite consensus due to the mentioned revelation, that all the faults and objections of Ibn Taymiyyah are baseless.
Given that these works did not examine or criticize Ibn Taymiyyah’s doubts in detail (all the faces raised by Ibn Taymiyyah), despite the fact that they contained a great scientific effort, therefore this article aims to discuss the problems and faces mentioned by Ibn Taymiyyah about the verse of Wilayah and examine its significance for the Imamate, and the mandate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and criticism of Ibn Taymiyyah’s views. The data collection method for this research is the library method. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The research process in this article is as follows: First, the author extracts most of the opinions about the doubt in question from Islamic sources, then evaluates and criticizes it, and in the end, the final theory on the criticism of Ibn Taymiyyah’s problems will be presented.
The examination and search of the texts and documents of hadiths, narrations and books related to the reason for the revelation of the verse of guardianship led us to realize that this hadith was transmitted by the Shiites and Sunnis in different classes and centuries, to the point of claiming consensus on the revelation of the verse in the mandate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). This is quite clear from the mentioned narrative and exegetical sources. The Arabic literary and grammatical study of the words of the verse and its text, as well as the different documents for the narrations of the reason for revelation of the verse and its objectives, the atmosphere of the revelation of the verse and the socio-economic situation of Imam Ali (pbuh) at the time of the revelation of the verse, and the logical interpretation of “and” in the phrase “they are bowing”, the study of general nature or the special study of the verse, the semantic study of the novel and other narrations that confirm the importance and virtue of Imam Ali (pbuh), the study of the correct meaning of the word “guardianship”, the identification of the reference of pronouns and nouns connected to the verse and the type of restriction, and the study of the relationship between the emirate and the state and other cases, clearly reject all criticisms and objections of Ibn Taymiyyah on the revelation of the verse mentioned in the mandate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him).
الكلمات الرئيسية [English]
اختصاص ولایت در آیه 55 سوره مائده به امام علي (ع)
مطالعه موردی نقد شبهات ابنتیمیه در کتاب منهاجالسنة
کاوس روحی برندق[1]
لیلا مرادی[2]
چکیده
آیه ولایت (مائده/ 55)، از مهمترین ادلّه اثبات امامت و ولایت امام علی (ع) و سایر ائمّه (ع) است. عالمان شیعه و اهل سنت اجماع کردهاند آیه ولایت در شأن امام علی (ع) و زمان صدقه دادن انگشتر در رکوع نمازش نازل شده است و روایات زیادی با سند صحیح در تأیید این موضوع وجود دارد. ابنتیمیه برای ردّ استدلالات علامه حلی در کتاب منهاج الکرامه، اقدام به تألیف منهاج السنه کرده و در آن از اقوال علامه حلی با عنوان «قول الرافضی» یاد میکند. هدف ابنتیمیه از تألیف این کتاب، جلوگیری از انتشار عقاید به حق شیعه درباره مفهوم امامت به عنوان یک منصب الهی و حق مسلّم اهل بیت(ع) در این باب است. از جمله مواردی که ابنتیمیه به آن پرداخته، ردّ سبب نزول و دلالت آیه ولایت بر امامت علی(ع) است. وی با آوردن دلائل ادبی، تفسیری و روایی با نام «وجوه» سعی در ردّ دلالت مذکور در آیه دارد. پس از گردآوری مطالب، با روش کتابخانهای و شیوه اسنادی و روش توصیفی تحلیلی در تجزیه و تحلیل مطالب و با بررسی و تأیید صحت سند و متن روایات و ارائه دلایل عقلی و قرآنی و اجماع اهل سنت و شیعه بر سبب نزول مذکور مشخص شد که همه اشکالات و ایرادات ابنتیمیه بیاساس است.
کلیدواژهها: آیه ولایت، امام علی (ع)، ابنتیمیه، منهاجالسنة، سبب نزول.
[1] . عضو هیأت علمی و دانشیار گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، (نویسنده مسئول) k.roohi@modares.ac.ir
[2] . دانشجوی دکتری علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. L.moradi91@gmail.com
)