النعت و دلالاته النحوية في خطب نهج البلاغة

Grammar was the foundation of Arabic language teaching, as it focuses on changing the vowel at the end of a word. In this study, the researcher examines some aspects of grammar, namely the adjective and its purposes in the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha. The importance of this study stems from its treatment of the subject of the adjective in Imam Ali (peace be upon him), as it carries rich connotations that influence the understanding of the sermon text. In my practical work, I followed a scientific approach based on description, analysis, and the clarification of the various connotations of adjectives in the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha.This study examines the adjective in the sermons of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), presenting examples of adjectives, their forms, and their various types, and demonstrating the most important connotations that emerge from various contexts. It then discusses the approaches to their use in composition and versification. I examined the single adjective, its form, and its connotation, the adjective clause, the quasi-sentence, and its semantic connotation in the sermons of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and the meaning contained therein. I arrived at multiple semantic connotations, which I mentioned in the research, such as praise, commendation, specification, clarification, and others.
 
Keywords: Grammar, semantics, adjective, Imam Ali (peace be upon him),  Nahj al-Balagha

Introduction
The impact of Nahj al-Balagha remains a valuable book, one of the best that Islamic civilization has offered to all of humanity. Thanks to the meanings contained within it, this book has become, after the Qur'an and the words of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), the pinnacle of rhetorical treasures, providing Arabic literature and human thought with the greatest intellectual and scientific energies. It is not merely a book of eloquence; rather, it is a path to life, success, and struggle, a path to justice and equality, guidance, and knowledge of the straight path. Nahj al-Balagha has remained and will remain a pioneer for all generations across all ages and centuries. Therefore, it no longer needs an introduction, for it is clearer than the sun at noon. Nahj al-Balagha has been a pioneer for all bearers of knowledge, literature, and hadith from ancient times to the present day. Nahj al-Balagha has received the attention of leading scholars throughout the ages, both Arab and non-Arab. This book has captured a large portion of human scientific effort, and commentaries and commentaries on its text have been published in succession. It is a fertile ground for scholars due to the breadth of its material and the diversity of its topics. However, there are many aspects that need to be studied. In this study, the researcher chose a grammatical topic, namely the adjective, clarifying the semantic purposes it serves. His study was limited to samples from the sermons of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), because tracing all the examples in Nahj al-Balagha requires a detailed study.
Materials & methods
This research conducts an analytical study of the most important connotations of the adjective in the sermons of Nahjul Balagha, relying on the descriptive-analytical approach to determine the position of the connotations of the adjective in the speech of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). This study examines the adjective in the sermons of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), presents models of the adjective, its forms and all its types, and shows the most important connotations that the different contexts lead to. Then it touches on the paths to which it appears in composition and organization.
Discussion & Result
In this study, the researcher chose a grammatical topic, namely the adjective, explaining the semantic purposes it serves. His study was limited to examples from the sermons of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), because tracing all the examples in Nahj al-Balagha requires a detailed study.
Conclusion
At the conclusion of this research, the study, through examples, reached a set of conclusions that can be summarized as follows:

1. There is a close relationship between grammar and hadith for a correct understanding of hadiths.
The adjective, in its various types and varied forms, is an important element of semantic generation, making the text susceptible to a broader semantic scope.
All the adjectives mentioned were consistent with the grammarians' rules for adjectives; how could this not be the case when Imam Ali (peace be upon him) was a clear Arab?
The study, through an analysis of adjective models in the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha, revealed that the adjective's meaning extends to two levels:

First: The original meaning, which I call pure specification and pure clarification.
Second: The secondary meaning related to the context and what stems from the situation and the contextual clues surrounding the adjective.