Understanding the text based on Zamakhshari's point of view (the apparent and intellectual dimension of language) in Surah Al-Imran "Practical Example: Syn-tax"

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate of Arabic language and literature, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Madani Universi-ty of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Madani Uni-versity of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Madani Uni-versity of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran,

10.30465/afg.2024.45326.2066

Abstract

Undoubtedly, one who pursues linguistic research finds that these studies pursue a particular goal in every way. Based on this, ancient linguistic studies were more religious in nature, and they were summarized in the preservation of the Holy Qur'an and its avoidance. Among these studies, it is possible to point out that the Mu'tazilite sectarian studies have not convinced the apparent aspects of their language, according to their eternal thinking.They believed that a large part of the language needed to be interpreted to understand the author's intentions. And Zamzakhri, who was at the head of the Mu'tazilite viewpoint, did not pay enough attention to the apparent aspect of the text, syntax, mere, sound, mementos, etc., but he Blended its rational and non-linguistic views of the apparent aspect of language. Therefore, by adopting a descriptive and analytical method, this paper tries to analyze and interpret the syntactic views of Zamakhshari in the commentary of the schisma, which is sometimes a mixture of reason, by bringing Quranic evidence from Sura Āl ʻImrān's.
 
Keywords Zamakhshari- apparent texture of language- rational view- syntax- syntactic criterion.
 
 
 
 
Introduction
In the past, the prevailing method in critical studies has been a position between descriptive and normatif. According to the ancients, normatif does not mean the loss of the descriptive method, but for them it means normatif method mixed with the descriptive, and of course their approach is more following the philosophers. Greek is like Aristotle and Plato, and they take help from them in critical studies.What is noteworthy in this context is that Criterionist linguists start from generalities and leave details to create rules and hypotheses,and they basically rely on the rule and avoid description and for what is out of the norm, they resort to interpretation, and if they encounter a problem in interpretation, they consider it rare and rare. (Zoin, 23:1986).
according to this, Zamakhshri as a result Intellectual and Mu'tazili teachings He is inclined towards a normatif method and the apparent level of his language does not convince him. But He argues that when the meaning is linked to the divine words, the "Holy Qur'an", its complexity increases and the apparent meaning is not enough for us. Because he believes that the objective theory, whose goal is to identify the essential with the divine nature, It occupies the place of the sign. And this means that Qur'anic text based on the meaning related to the signifier The non-appearance of the language is arranged. It is from this point of view that Zamakhshari argues that the meaning of the sentence is not determined only by the appearance of the language. Rather, there is a set of codified laws among the Arabs Familiarity with them is necessary to extract the desired meaning and avoid neglecting the meaning. Whatever it is, its meaning is not as clear as some think Rather, "every word is surrounded by shades of different psychological and emotional meanings And it gives temporary colors of emotions and imagination, which expresses its expressive value. (Zoin, 1986, 92) So Zamakhshari tends to "a descriptive method mixed with a criterion to determine the meaning of the Qur'an" (Al-Juvini, 1961: 95).
Conclusion
We conclude that Zamakhshari is the one who puts syntax in front of his eyes, but when he feels the need to achieve the desired meaning, he discards it and takes help from rational analysis or what is outside the text. Therefore, it can be said that standard syntax is mixed with rational reason according to Zamakhshari. And it has a great impact on extracting meaning. He acts rightly by relying on reason, and sometimes he may act arbitrarily or as if he made a mistake.

Keywords

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Full Text

فهم متن بر اساس دیدگاه زمخشری(بعد ظاهری وعقلی زبان) در سوره ی آل عمران «نمونه ی کاربردی :نحو»

محمد طاهر مطهر[1]

علی قهرمانی[2]

محمد رضا اسلامی[3]

چکیده: 

بی شک کسی که پژوهشهای زبانی را دنبال کند در می یابد که این پژوهشها در هرعصری هدف خاصی را دنبال می‌کند. براین اساس پژوهشهای زبانی قدیم بیشتر وجهه‌ی دینی داشته وآن هم در حفظ وصیانت از قرآن کریم وجلوگیری ازتحریف در آن خلاصه می‌شد. از میان این پژوهشها می‌توان به پژوهشهای فرقه‌ی معتزلی اشاره کرد که بنا به تفکر اعتزالی‌شان، جنبه های ظاهری زبان آنان را قانع نمی‌کرد، و براین باور بودند که بخش زیادی از زبان برای دریافت وفهم قصد نویسنده، نیاز به تأویل وتفسیر دارد، و زمخشری که در رأس دیدگاه اعتزال قرار داشت  به جنبه‎ی ظاهری متن، مانند سوسور زعیم ساختار گرایان بسنده نکرد، بلکه دیدگاههای  عقلی خود را آمیزه‌ی جنبه ظاهری زبان ازجمله نحو کرد. بنابراین  این مقاله ، با اتخاذ روش وصفی وتحلیلی علاوه بر پرده داشتن از دیگاه معیاری ووصفی نزد قدامی وسوسور می‌کوشد با آوردن شواهد قرآنی از سوره آل عمران به تحلیل وتفسیر دیدگاههای نحوی زمخشری در تفسیر کشاف که هر از چند گاهی آمیزه‌ی عقل می‌شود بپردازد. ونتائج به دست آمده  صحت ادعای فوق الذکر را تأیید می‌کند و ترکیبهای نحوی نزد او آمیزه ی دلیل وبرهان عقلی می‌شود به گونه‌ای که یا به تعیین دلالت قطعی یا به خطا می‌انجامد.

کلید واژها: زمخشری، بافت ظاهری زبان، دیدگاه عقلی، نحو، معیار نحوی.

 

[1] دانشجوی دکتری، زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

 (نویسنده مسوول)، mtmotahhar@yahoo.com ،

[2] دانشیار زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران،

 d.ghahramani @yahoo.com ،

[3] استادیار زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران،

 mr.eslamy@yahoo.com ،   

تاریخ دریافت: 15/10/1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 18/12/1402

 

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آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية
Volume 26, Issue 2 - Serial Number 52
Autumn & Winter
February 2024
Pages 165-191

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