Analyzing and Criticizing Doubts of Ibn Taymiyyah on Vicegerency of Imam Ali (AS) in Minhaj Al-Sunnah

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor and the Faculty member of the Quran and Hadith Sciences Department in Tarbiat Modares University

2 Ph.D. student of Quran and Hadith Sciences of Tarbiat Modares University

Abstract

The verse of guardianship (Maeda / 55) is one of the most important evidences of proving the Imamate and guardianship of Imam Ali (AS) and other Imams (AS). Shiite and Sunni scholars have agreed that the verse of Wilayah has been revealed in the honor of Imam Ali (AS) and at the time of giving alms in the bowing of his prayers, and there are many narrations with the correct document in confirmation of this issue. In order to refute Allameh Hilli’s arguments in his book Minhaj al-Karama, Ibn al-Taymiyyah compiled Minhaj al-Sunnah and mentions the sayings of Allameh Hilli under the title of “Qul al-Rafidi”. The purpose of Ibn Taymiyyah in writing this book is to prevent the publication of beliefs about the Shiite right about the concept of Imamate as a divine position and the inalienable right of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) in this regard. Among the cases that Ibn Taymiyyah has dealt with is the rejection of the cause of revelation and the meaning of the verse of Wilayah on the Imamate of Ali (AS). He tries to refute the meaning mentioned in the verse by giving literary, interpretive and narrative reasons called “aspects”. After collecting the materials, it was determined through library and documentary methods and a descriptive-analytical approach in analyzing the materials, and by examining and confirming the document and text of the narrations and presenting rational and Quranic reasons and Sunni and Shiite consensus due to the mentioned revelation, that all the faults and objections of Ibn Taymiyyah are baseless.
Given that these works did not examine or criticize Ibn Taymiyyah’s doubts in detail (all the faces raised by Ibn Taymiyyah), despite the fact that they contained a great scientific effort, therefore this article aims to discuss the problems and faces mentioned by Ibn Taymiyyah about the verse of Wilayah and examine its significance for the Imamate, and the mandate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and criticism of Ibn Taymiyyah’s views. The data collection method for this research is the library method. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The research process in this article is as follows: First, the author extracts most of the opinions about the doubt in question from Islamic sources, then evaluates and criticizes it, and in the end, the final theory on the criticism of Ibn Taymiyyah’s problems will be presented.
The examination and search of the texts and documents of hadiths, narrations and books related to the reason for the revelation of the verse of guardianship led us to realize that this hadith was transmitted by the Shiites and Sunnis in different classes and centuries, to the point of claiming consensus on the revelation of the verse in the mandate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). This is quite clear from the mentioned narrative and exegetical sources. The Arabic literary and grammatical study of the words of the verse and its text, as well as the different documents for the narrations of the reason for revelation of the verse and its objectives, the atmosphere of the revelation of the verse and the socio-economic situation of Imam Ali (pbuh) at the time of the revelation of the verse, and the logical interpretation of “and” in the phrase “they are bowing”, the study of general nature or the special study of the verse, the semantic study of the novel and other narrations that confirm the importance and virtue of Imam Ali (pbuh), the study of the correct meaning of the word “guardianship”, the identification of the reference of pronouns and nouns connected to the verse and the type of restriction, and the study of the relationship between the emirate and the state and other cases, clearly reject all criticisms and objections of Ibn Taymiyyah on the revelation of the verse mentioned in the mandate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him).

Keywords

Full Text

اختصاص ولایت در آیه 55 سوره مائده به  امام علي (ع)

مطالعه موردی نقد شبهات ابن­تیمیه در کتاب منهاج­السنة

کاوس روحی برندق[1]

لیلا مرادی[2]

 

چکیده

آیه ولایت (مائده/ 55)، از مهم­ترین ادلّه اثبات امامت و ولایت امام علی (ع) و سایر ائمّه (ع) است. عالمان شیعه و اهل سنت اجماع کرده­اند آیه ولایت در شأن امام علی (ع) و زمان صدقه دادن انگشتر در رکوع نمازش نازل شده است و روایات زیادی با سند صحیح در تأیید این موضوع وجود دارد. ابن­تیمیه برای ردّ استدلالات علامه حلی در کتاب منهاج الکرامه، اقدام به تألیف منهاج السنه کرده و در آن از اقوال علامه حلی با عنوان «قول الرافضی» یاد می­کند. هدف ابن­تیمیه از تألیف این کتاب، جلوگیری از انتشار عقاید به حق شیعه درباره مفهوم امامت به عنوان یک منصب الهی و حق مسلّم اهل بیت(ع) در این باب است. از جمله مواردی که ابن­تیمیه به آن پرداخته، ردّ سبب نزول و دلالت آیه ولایت بر امامت علی(ع) است. وی با آوردن دلائل ادبی، تفسیری و روایی با نام «وجوه» سعی در ردّ دلالت مذکور در آیه دارد. پس از گردآوری مطالب، با روش کتابخانه­ای و شیوه اسنادی و روش توصیفی تحلیلی در تجزیه و تحلیل مطالب و با بررسی و تأیید صحت سند و متن روایات و ارائه دلایل عقلی و قرآنی و اجماع اهل سنت و شیعه بر سبب نزول مذکور مشخص شد که همه اشکالات و ایرادات ابن­تیمیه بی­اساس است.

کلیدواژه­ها: آیه ولایت، امام علی (ع)، ابن­تیمیه، منهاج­السنة، سبب نزول.

 

 

 

 

 


[1] . عضو هیأت علمی و دانشیار گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، (نویسنده مسئول) k.roohi@modares.ac.ir

[2] . دانشجوی دکتری علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. L.moradi91@gmail.com

References

The Holy Quran
Ibn Abi Hatim, Abdul Rahman Ibn Muhammad, (1271 AH). Al-Jarh va Al-Tadil, first edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Ahya Al-Tarath Al-Arabi
____________________, (1419 AH). Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, research: As'ad Muhammad al-Tayyib, first edition, Beirut: Al-Maktabah Al-Asriyah
Ibn Batriq, Yahya ibn Hussein, (1407 AH). Al-Amadah, first edition, Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute
Ibn Habban, Muhammad, (1395 AH). Al-Thaqat, Research: Sayyid Sharafat al-Din Ahmad, Second Printing, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr
Ibn Athir Jazri, Mubarak Ibn Muhammad, (1389 AH). The Society of Principles in the Hadiths of the Prophet, Research: Abdul Qadir Al-Arnout, First Edition, (unpublished), Dar al-Bayyan Library
___________________, (1367 AH). Al-nahayah fi Gharib Al Hadith va al-athar, First Edition, Research and Correction: Mahmoud Mohammad Tanahi, Qom: Ismaili Press Institute
Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmad Ibn Abdul Halim, (1406 AH). Minhaj al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah, research: Muhammad Rashad Salem, first edition, Riyadh: Imam Muhammad ibn Saud al-Islamiyah University
Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Ahmad Ibn Ali, (d.t). Fath Al-Bari in Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhari, First Edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Ma'rifah
____________________, (1406 AH). Taqrib al-tahzib, research: Muhammad Awamah, first edition, Syria: Dar al-Rasheed
Ibn Khalkan, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, (d.t). Vafayat al-a'yan, Tahiqiq Ehsan Abbas, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Thaqafa
Ibn Atiyah Andalusi, Abdul Haq, (1400 AH). Al-Muharrar Al-Wajiz Fi Tafsir Al-Kitab Al-Aziz, Investigation: Abdul Salam Abdul Shafi Muhammad, First Edition, Beirut, (d.
Ibn Faris, Ahmad, (1389 AH). Maqayis al-Loghah, Corrected by Abdul Salam, Printing 2, Beirut: Dar Al-Jail
Ibn Kathir Damascus, Ismail Ibn Amr, (d.t). Al-Bedayah va Al-Nahayah, research: Ahmad Abu Malham and others, first edition, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya
___________________, (1402 AH). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Azim, First Edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Ma'rifah
Ibn Manzoor, Muhammad ibn Makram, (1414 AH), Lesan al-Arab, first edition, Beirut: Dar Sader
Amini, Abdul Hussein, (1397 AH). Al-Ghadir fi al-Ketab va al-Sunnah va al-Adab, First Edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Arabi
Eji, Abdul Rahman ibn Ahmad, (1417 AH). Al-Mawaqib fi Elm al-Kalam, first edition, Beirut: Dar al-Jail
Alusi, Mahmud, (1415 AH). Rooh al-ma'ani Fi Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Azim, Research: Ali Abdul Bari Atiyah, First Edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Almiya
Bukhari, Muhammad bin Ismael, (1410 AH). Al-Sahih, Corrected: Mustafa Deeb Al-Bagha, 2nd Edition, Damascus: Dar Ibn Kathir
Bagwi, Hussein ibn Masoud, (1407 AH). Ma'alim al-Tanzil fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, edited by: Khaled Abd al-Rahman al-Ak, first edition, Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifah
Blazhery, Ahmad, (1416 AH). Ansab al-Ashraf, Verification by: Muhammad Baqir Mahmoudi, First Edition, Qom: Majma'e Ahya'e al-Torarh
Balaghi, Mohammed Jawad, (d.t). Alaa Al-Rahman fi tafsir al-Qur’an, First Edition, Qom: The Al-Wojdani Library
Baydawi, Abdullah ibn Omar, (1418 AH). Anwar al-Tanzil va Asrar al-Ta'wil, verified by: Muhammad Abd al-Rahman Marashli, first edition, Beirut: Dar Ahya al-Torath al-Arabi
Tostori, Nur Allah, (1409 AH). Ehqaq Al-Haq va Ezhaq Al-Batel, First Edition, Qom: Ayatollah Marashy Najafi Library
_________, (1367 AM). Al-Sawarem Al-Moharraqah, Tehran: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Islami
Taftazani, Saadeddin, (1409 AH). Sharh Al-Maqased, introduction, investigation and comment: Abd al-Rahman Umayrah, Qom: Sharif al-Razi
Jassas, Ahmed bin Ali, (dt). Rulings of the Qur’an, Tahqiq: Sadiqi Muhammad Jamil, First Edition, Makkah: The Commercial Library
A group of writers (Abd al-Karim Rezaei, Ishaq Arefi, Mir Husayn Dhayi, Muhammad Qurbaniya, Ali Qurbani Fashukh), (1381 SH). Imamate Research, a visionary: Mahmoud Yazdi Mutlaq, first edition, Mashhad: Ulum Islami Razawi University
Hoseyni Astrabadi, Sharaf al-Din, (1409 AH). Interpretation of the Apparent Verses, First Edition, Qom: University of Teachers
Hosseini Milani, Ali, (d.t). Jawaher Al-Kalam Fi maerefah al- Imamate va Imam, First Edition, Qom: Markaz al-Haqaeq al- Islameyah
____________, (1428 AH). Studies in the curriculum of the Sunnah for Ibn Taymiyyah, first edition, sign: The Center for Islamic Facts.
____________, (1376 SH), Explanation of the Method of Dignity in Knowing the Imamate, First Edition, Tehran: The Center for a written inheritance.
____________, (1428 AH). Explanation of the Curriculum and the Response to the Curriculum of Ibn Taymiyyah, First Edition, Qom: Wafa
____________, (1414 AH). Floral notes, first edition, Qom: Mehr
Khoyi, Abu al-Qasim, (dt). Al-Bayan on Tafsir of the Qur’an, first edition, Qom: The Imam al-Khwawi Monuments Revival Foundation
Darwish, Muhyiddin, (1415 AH). The Arabic Qur’an and Its Statement, First Edition, Syria: Dar Al-Irshad
Zahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, (1406 AH). The Journey of the Prophets, First Edition, Beirut: Al-Risala Foundation
_____________, (d.t). Note on memorization, first edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Alamiya
Zahabi, Mohammad Hussein, (1396 AH), Al-Tafsir va Al-Mofasseroun, First Edition, Beirut: Al-Risala Foundation
Razi (Abu al-Futuh), Hussein ibn Ali, (1404 AH). Rawd al-Jannan and Ruh al-Jannan, Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Library
Ragheb Isfahani, Hussein Ibn Muhammad, (1412 AH). Al-Mufradat Fi Gharib Al-Quran, Research: Safwan Adnan Davoodi, First Edition, Damascus: Dar Al-Alam Al-Dar Al-Shamiya
Zamakhshari, Jarullah Mahmoud, (D.T.). Discovering the truths of the ambiguity of revelation and the eyes of the eyes in the aspects of interpretation, first edition, Qom: publishing the literature of the seminary
Sobhani, Jafar, (2007). Image of Shiite Beliefs, translated by Javad Mohaddesi, First Edition, Tehran: Poetry
_________, (1373). Eternal Charter, First Edition, Qom: Imam Al-Sadiq Foundation
Samani Morozi, Abdul Karim bin Muhammad, (1395 AH). Al-Tahbir in Al-Mujam Al-Kabir, research: Munira Naji Salem, first edition, Baghdad: head of the Court of Endowments
Siouti, Abdul Rahman bin Abi Bakr, (1403 AH). Al-Dar Al-Manthur Fi Al-Tafsir Al-Mathur, Second Printing, Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr
_________________, (1396 AH). Classes of commentators, research: Ali Mohammad Omar, first edition, Cairo: school and gift
Shokani, Muhammad ibn Ali, (1414 AH). Fath al-Qadir Al-Jame 'between technical narration and knowledge from the science of interpretation, second edition, Damascus, Beirut: Dar Ibn Kathir, Dar al-Kalam al-Tayyib
Sheibani, Muhammad ibn Hassan, (1413 AH). Approach to the Discovery of the Meanings of the Qur'an, Research: Hussein Dargahi, First Edition, Tehran: Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation
Sadeghi Tehrani, Mohammad, (1365). The difference in the interpretation of the Qur'an with the Qur'an, first edition, Qom: Islamic culture
Safi, Mahmud, (1418 AH). The table in the Arabs of the Qur'an, first edition, Damascus: Dar al-Rasheed Foundation of Faith
Tabatabai, Mohammad Hussein, (1417 AH). Al-Mizan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran, First Edition, Qom: Islamic Publications Office, Qom Seminary Teachers Association
Tabarsi, Fadl Ibn Hassan, (1372). Complex of Statement in the Interpretation of the Qur'an, Tehran: Naser Khosrow
Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, (1408 AH). Jamiat al-Bayyan fi Tafsir al-Quran, first edition, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr
Tarihi, Fakhruddin bin Muhammad, (1375). Bahrain Complex, Researcher and Editor: Ahmad Hosseini Eshkevari, First Edition, Tehran: Mortazavi
Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hassan, (1402 AH). Al-Tibyan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran, First Edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Ihyaa Al-Tarath Al-Arabi
Tayyib, Abdul Hussein, (1378). Atib al-Bayyan fi Tafsir al-Quran, first edition, Tehran: Islam Ameli, Hassan bin Zainuddin, (d.t.). Ma'alim al-Din wa Malaz al-Mujtahidin, Qom: Islamic Publishing Foundation
Akbari, Abdullah bin Hussein, (D.T.). Explanation in the Arabs of the Qur'an, first edition, Riyadh: House of State Thoughts
Fakhruddin Razi, Muhammad ibn Umar, (1420 AH). Keys of the Unseen, Second Printing, Beirut: Dar Al-Ihyaa Al-Tarath Al-Arabi
Fara, Yahya, (1360). Meanings of the Quran, Research: Ahmad Yousef Nejati and Mohammad Ali Al-Najjar, Tehran: Naser Khosrow
Faizi Dekni, Abolfazl, (1417 AH). The sources of inspiration in the interpretation of the Qur'an, first edition, Qom: Dar al-Manar
Fayumi, Ahmad Ibn Muhammad, (1414 AH). Al-Misbah Al-Munir Fi Gharib Al-Sharh Al-Kabir, First Edition, Qom: Dar Al-Hijra
Ghorashi Banai, Ali Akbar, (1998). Tafsir Ahsan Al-Hadith, Tehran: Ba'ath Foundation
____________, (1412 AH). Quran Dictionary, Tehran: Islamic Books House
Qastalani, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, (1425 AH). Al-Mawahib Al-Dinani with Al-Muhammad Al-Muhammadah, First Edition, Beirut: Islamic School
Kashani, Fathullah, (1336). Interpretation of the method of the honest in the obligation of the opposition, Tehran: Scientific Bookstore
Majlisi, Mohammad Baqir, (1362). Sea of Lights of Society for the News of the Pure Imams, Tehran: Islamic Library
Mazi, Yusuf, (1402 AH). Tahdhib al-Kamal in the names of men, research: Bashar Awad, Beirut: Rasala Foundation
Mustafavi, Hassan, (1368). Research on the words of the Holy Quran, Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
Muzaffar, Mohammad Hassan, (1396 AH). Evidence of truth, Cairo: Dar al-Alam for printing
____________, (1388). A Comparative Study of the Interpretation of the Verses of the Province in the Perspective of the Fariqin, Qom: Seminary and University Research Institute, Tehran: Samat
___________, (1390). A Comparative Study of the Semantics of the Imam and the Status of the Imamate from the Perspective of the Fariqin Commentators, Qom: Research Institute and University, Tehran: Samat
Noori Tabarsi, Ismail, (D.T.). Enoughness of the unified, (without place): Islamic seminary
Vahedi Neyshabouri, Ali, (1411 AH). Reasons for the revelation of the Holy Quran, research: Kamal Zaghloul, first edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Alamiya
______________, (1415 AH). Al-Wasit Fi Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Majid, Research: Muhammad Mawwaz and others, Beirut: (D.N)
 
Articles
Najarzadegan, Fathullah, (2002). "Reading the documents and documents of the revelation of the verse of Velayat", Tolo Magazine, No. 1.
آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية
Volume 24, Issue 1 - Serial Number 47
spring and summer
2021
Pages 135-168

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics