Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 The Spatial Loneliness of Intellectual in Sa‘ad Muhammad Rahim's novels after 2003 The Spatial Loneliness of Intellectual in Sa‘ad Muhammad Rahim's novels after 2003 1 26 3906 10.30465/afg.2019.3906 AR Karim Amiri Ph.D Student of Arabic Language and Literature, Persian Gulf ‎University, Bushehr,Iran Muhammad Javad Pour Áābid Assistant Professor in Arabic Language and Literature, Persian Gulf University, ‎Bushehr,Iran.‎ Naser Zare Assistant Professor in Arabic Language and Literature, Persian Gulf University, ‎Bushehr,Iran Sayed Haidar Far'aShirazi Associate Professor in Arabic Language and Literature, Persian Gulf University Bushehr,Iran.‎ Journal Article 2019 07 14 Abstract This research discusses the relationship between the intellectual and the loneliness in order to get valid answers to the question how to form the places and characters in the novels of Sa‘ad Muhammad Rahim, and to show the quality and quantity of pains and difficulties the intellectual characters suffered after coups, wars, siege and occupation. This research aims to use the analytical- descriptive approach to study the use of the phenomenon of loneliness in the works of Rahim and to focus on the spatial type. The phenomenon can only be studied in three novels, namely: Tarnimat ’imra'a, Shafaq al-bahr, Maqtalbā’i‘ al-kutub, Fusha li-al junun. The novelist chosed his characters from tired intellectuals who faced a series of failures; these failures forced them to move between the dissimilar places or to elect the margin and sit in isolation. Abstract This research discusses the relationship between the intellectual and the loneliness in order to get valid answers to the question how to form the places and characters in the novels of Sa‘ad Muhammad Rahim, and to show the quality and quantity of pains and difficulties the intellectual characters suffered after coups, wars, siege and occupation. This research aims to use the analytical- descriptive approach to study the use of the phenomenon of loneliness in the works of Rahim and to focus on the spatial type. The phenomenon can only be studied in three novels, namely: Tarnimat ’imra'a, Shafaq al-bahr, Maqtalbā’i‘ al-kutub, Fusha li-al junun. The novelist chosed his characters from tired intellectuals who faced a series of failures; these failures forced them to move between the dissimilar places or to elect the margin and sit in isolation.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 A Critical Study of Correctness of "Hadith al-Kisa" by Content Analysis Method A Critical Study of Correctness of "Hadith al-Kisa" by Content Analysis Method 27 56 3905 10.30465/afg.2019.3905 AR Parvin Baharzadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, University of Al-Zahra Fatemeh Abadi Ph.D student in the Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences at the University of Zahra Journal Article 2019 07 14 The incident of Kisa mentioned in two ways: a famous hadith in Mafatih Al-Jannan and the narrations of the Imams and companions in the Shi'a and Sunni hadiths. This paper tries to examine the validity of the famous Hadith ofKisa according to its contents by using content analysis method. The method of content analysis is a methodological mechanism in the analysis of texts in different fields. It aims at questioning the documents and texts in order to understand their contents and their apparent and implicit connotations by classifying the objective semantics within the main categories, subcategories or categorical statements. Extracting the main themes in each of the two categories makes it clear that the famous narrative is individual in terms, while the correlation between the contents of the traditions of the Imams and the companions is very high.In addition, the comparison between the purpose of Hadith - the introduction of "Ahl al-Bayt" in Tathir verse with regard to the issuance of narration and descent- and the themes contained in each of the two categories indicates that the themes of the non-famous narratives are suited to the purpose of the narration. While there is no correlation between the concepts of the famous narrative and the goal. . The incident of Kisa mentioned in two ways: a famous hadith in Mafatih Al-Jannan and the narrations of the Imams and companions in the Shi'a and Sunni hadiths. This paper tries to examine the validity of the famous Hadith ofKisa according to its contents by using content analysis method. The method of content analysis is a methodological mechanism in the analysis of texts in different fields. It aims at questioning the documents and texts in order to understand their contents and their apparent and implicit connotations by classifying the objective semantics within the main categories, subcategories or categorical statements. Extracting the main themes in each of the two categories makes it clear that the famous narrative is individual in terms, while the correlation between the contents of the traditions of the Imams and the companions is very high.In addition, the comparison between the purpose of Hadith - the introduction of "Ahl al-Bayt" in Tathir verse with regard to the issuance of narration and descent- and the themes contained in each of the two categories indicates that the themes of the non-famous narratives are suited to the purpose of the narration. While there is no correlation between the concepts of the famous narrative and the goal. .

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 The role and position of the city from the perspective of Islamic religious sources, with emphasis on the Holy Quran The role and position of the city from the perspective of Islamic religious sources, with emphasis on the Holy Quran 57 78 3903 10.30465/afg.2019.3903 AR Sttar Khaledian Assistant Professor, Department of Archeology, Shiraz University of Mousa Arabi Assistant Professor Department of Arabic Language and Literature of Shiraz University Journal Article 2019 07 14 Cities with Islamic character can bring people to perfection;this article examines the city from the perspective of religious sources, As long as Islam's approach to the city is not clear, any definition and planning for reaching the desired city (Islamic city) will be fruitless. The authors have attempted to answer in this article what are the structures of interest in Islam in the city? And how is the status of the city evaluated from the perspective of the Qur'an? As a result, the city has a valuable place in Islam's view and though the Qur'anic verses have directly addressed the category of the lesser city. But indirectly, many verses refer to the characteristics, structures, and patterns that define the Islamic city. Islamic sources, rather than focusing on the physical appearance of cities, consider the city's internal relations and human issues to be very important. They also have the most economic, security and justice structures in cities. . Cities with Islamic character can bring people to perfection;this article examines the city from the perspective of religious sources, As long as Islam's approach to the city is not clear, any definition and planning for reaching the desired city (Islamic city) will be fruitless. The authors have attempted to answer in this article what are the structures of interest in Islam in the city? And how is the status of the city evaluated from the perspective of the Qur'an? As a result, the city has a valuable place in Islam's view and though the Qur'anic verses have directly addressed the category of the lesser city. But indirectly, many verses refer to the characteristics, structures, and patterns that define the Islamic city. Islamic sources, rather than focusing on the physical appearance of cities, consider the city's internal relations and human issues to be very important. They also have the most economic, security and justice structures in cities. .

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 Attributes of the local themein the novel "Memory in the flesh” by AhlamMostaghanemi“A Research on the Universal Literature Theory” Attributes of the local themein the novel "Memory in the flesh” by AhlamMostaghanemi“A Research on the Universal Literature Theory” 79 103 3904 10.30465/afg.2019.3904 AR Kobra Roshanfekr Associate Professor at the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at TarbiatModarres University Kaveh Kherzri Ph.D in Arabic Language and Literature from at TarbiatModarresUniversity Hadi NazariMonazam Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, TarbiatModarresUniversity Faramarz Mirzaei Professor at the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at TarbiatModarresUniversity Journal Article 2019 07 14 The universal literature is an emerging theory in the field of literary critique and comparative literature whose theoretical foundations are evolving. According to this theory, the universal literature is the theory that it wants to study the elements of the universality of literature in various textsto examine the mechanism of travel of text and its entry into the world of literature.The novel, "Memory in the flesh", by AhlamMostaghanemi, is one of the successful novels of the Algerian writer who, after earning several credible awards in the Arab world, such as the Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature, was able to translate into major languages, then it was able to attend the universal literature. Among the important conditions for the presence of literary works in the universal environment is the need for the existence of elements in literary work. These elements are divided into intranet and outside textures. The intranet elements are: human look, local color and smell, innovation, the balance between the special and the general. The outside elements are studying the role of linguists and the role of translation, besides that examine the impact of the political power of texts and the cinematic effect on the universality of literature. The present paper seeks to provide descriptive-analytical methods for the "local theme" in this novel in six levels: Arabic identity, Commemoration of the Martyrs of Freedom, Critique of Arab Leadership Policies, Symbols of political success in ancient history, Slang, Algerian clothes.The results of the research indicate that the author, with an emphasis on Arab identity, the study of the Algerian revolution, the pathology of Arab political policy, the narrative of some fictional tales in slang format and the description of the Algerian clothes, was able to beautifully place the Algerian in this novel. The universal literature is an emerging theory in the field of literary critique and comparative literature whose theoretical foundations are evolving. According to this theory, the universal literature is the theory that it wants to study the elements of the universality of literature in various textsto examine the mechanism of travel of text and its entry into the world of literature.The novel, "Memory in the flesh", by AhlamMostaghanemi, is one of the successful novels of the Algerian writer who, after earning several credible awards in the Arab world, such as the Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature, was able to translate into major languages, then it was able to attend the universal literature. Among the important conditions for the presence of literary works in the universal environment is the need for the existence of elements in literary work. These elements are divided into intranet and outside textures. The intranet elements are: human look, local color and smell, innovation, the balance between the special and the general. The outside elements are studying the role of linguists and the role of translation, besides that examine the impact of the political power of texts and the cinematic effect on the universality of literature. The present paper seeks to provide descriptive-analytical methods for the "local theme" in this novel in six levels: Arabic identity, Commemoration of the Martyrs of Freedom, Critique of Arab Leadership Policies, Symbols of political success in ancient history, Slang, Algerian clothes.The results of the research indicate that the author, with an emphasis on Arab identity, the study of the Algerian revolution, the pathology of Arab political policy, the narrative of some fictional tales in slang format and the description of the Algerian clothes, was able to beautifully place the Algerian in this novel.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 From Cairo to Tehran: The Reception of Arabic Comparative Literature in Iran From Cairo to Tehran: The Reception of Arabic Comparative Literature in Iran 105 140 4290 10.30465/afg.2019.4290 AR Haidar Khezri Assistant Professor of Arabic, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, University of Central Florida, Journal Article 2019 12 01 Arabic Comparative Literature texts have been widely read, translated, used, and valued in the Islamic Republic of Iran. To provide a sense of how early Persian readers received and engaged with Arabic Comparative Literature texts, this article offers first an overview of the rise of comparative literature in both Iran and the Arab world. It then investigates the dynamics that led to the literary reception of Arabic Comparative Literature in Iran. I argue how the cultural and literary differences produced variations in literary exchanges among Iranians and Arabs. With special emphasis on variation in translation, cultural misreading, and domestication, I suggest “variation theory” as a useful theoretical framework and methodology for the study of the reception of Arabic Literature in general and Arabic Comparative Literature in particular in Iran. Arabic Comparative Literature texts have been widely read, translated, used, and valued in the Islamic Republic of Iran. To provide a sense of how early Persian readers received and engaged with Arabic Comparative Literature texts, this article offers first an overview of the rise of comparative literature in both Iran and the Arab world. It then investigates the dynamics that led to the literary reception of Arabic Comparative Literature in Iran. I argue how the cultural and literary differences produced variations in literary exchanges among Iranians and Arabs. With special emphasis on variation in translation, cultural misreading, and domestication, I suggest “variation theory” as a useful theoretical framework and methodology for the study of the reception of Arabic Literature in general and Arabic Comparative Literature in particular in Iran.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 Beyramallunisi; poet of the people and freedom Beyramallunisi; poet of the people and freedom 141 158 3907 10.30465/afg.2019.3907 AR Tooraj Zeynivand Assistant professor of Arabic Literature and language of Razi University Jahagir Amiri Assistant professor of Arabic Literature and language of Razi university Nasrin MalekiDoborji M.A Student of Arabic Literature and language of Razi university Khadyjeh Alboghobeish M.A Student of Arabic Literature and language of Razi university Journal Article 2019 07 14 Mahmoud beyramaltunisi (1893-1961) arabian contemporaneous author and poet has been renowned cause of his repertoire -zajal(folkpoems). He is reminiscedas a symphonist -dramatist and scripwriter of radio programs and screen writing that has extended zajal to a modern artistic level. Cause of his repertoire he accredit to arabicfolkpoems and for creation of newfolkpoems in the 1950 and 1960 decades. Subject of his poems are politic society and domestics but his poems there are subjects such as panegyric elegization faith and satire. Foundings of investigation express that beyram has allocated his poems to intentions of revolution and people. And his political poems consist of review that express falts and issues of the society.One of most important and motives that causes our poet desires to valgate in his poems is common̛sinfluence. And this implies that the poet sees her wishes with facing with challenges and problems nor just special part of it. . Mahmoud beyramaltunisi (1893-1961) arabian contemporaneous author and poet has been renowned cause of his repertoire -zajal(folkpoems). He is reminiscedas a symphonist -dramatist and scripwriter of radio programs and screen writing that has extended zajal to a modern artistic level. Cause of his repertoire he accredit to arabicfolkpoems and for creation of newfolkpoems in the 1950 and 1960 decades. Subject of his poems are politic society and domestics but his poems there are subjects such as panegyric elegization faith and satire. Foundings of investigation express that beyram has allocated his poems to intentions of revolution and people. And his political poems consist of review that express falts and issues of the society.One of most important and motives that causes our poet desires to valgate in his poems is common̛sinfluence. And this implies that the poet sees her wishes with facing with challenges and problems nor just special part of it. .

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 Signs of extremist streams in Karbala, Causes and its results Signs of extremist streams in Karbala, Causes and its results 159 189 4289 10.30465/afg.2019.4289 AR Maryam Saeedyan Jazi Associate professor. University of Isfahan, Iran- History of Islam ph. D 0000-0001-6699-2506 Journal Article 2019 12 01 One of the major problems of the Muslim community in the first century was the formation of extremist streams(Takfiris) that Sometimes appeared in the first century AH. A scrutiny at the history of Islam reveals that these groups were exposed to Islam for their ignorance and misunderstanding. Repealing them is obligatory on the basis of Intellectual logic and Sharia. Research in this area is incomplete and weak in analysis and citation. In this paper, extremist streams is studied, Causes and its results, in the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) course with emphasis on Karbala. The research method is historical which is done using the main sources of Islamic. Approach Ahl al-Bayt (AS) was daring against these movements.They rejected the extremist movements and their intellectual foundations. They argued them on the basis of the Qur'an, Sirah and Sharia. they know how method of dealing and confront with them. According to this study, extremist currents were active in Karbala. The results show that false understanding of the Islam, preconception, and ignorant nervousness led extreme currents. They arrived heavy impact in the Islamic community. So, God has promised, Ahl al-Bayt said, and history testifies, it is a complete loss and avoidance of divine mercy and being in the path of God's punishment. One of the major problems of the Muslim community in the first century was the formation of extremist streams(Takfiris) that Sometimes appeared in the first century AH. A scrutiny at the history of Islam reveals that these groups were exposed to Islam for their ignorance and misunderstanding. Repealing them is obligatory on the basis of Intellectual logic and Sharia. Research in this area is incomplete and weak in analysis and citation. In this paper, extremist streams is studied, Causes and its results, in the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) course with emphasis on Karbala. The research method is historical which is done using the main sources of Islamic. Approach Ahl al-Bayt (AS) was daring against these movements.They rejected the extremist movements and their intellectual foundations. They argued them on the basis of the Qur'an, Sirah and Sharia. they know how method of dealing and confront with them. According to this study, extremist currents were active in Karbala. The results show that false understanding of the Islam, preconception, and ignorant nervousness led extreme currents. They arrived heavy impact in the Islamic community. So, God has promised, Ahl al-Bayt said, and history testifies, it is a complete loss and avoidance of divine mercy and being in the path of God's punishment.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 Image in Moneqe Sermon of Imam Ali (as) Based on SeyyidQutb's Theory with an Emphasis on Rhythm Image in Moneqe Sermon of Imam Ali (as) Based on SeyyidQutb's Theory with an Emphasis on Rhythm 191 219 3908 10.30465/afg.2019.3908 AR SUSAN ABBASIAN Ph.D. Student of Arabic Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Researches branch, Tehran Mahmood Shakib ArabicProfessor at Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Researches branch. Tehran Leila GhasemiHajiabadi Arabic Assistant Professor at Islamic Azad University, Garmsar branch Journal Article 2019 07 14 Image is an art by which words reflect meaning musically, exciting hearers' imagination and influencing their emotions. Moneqe Sermon is one of the four sermons collected by Ibn Naqe Kufi in the Appendix of Nahjolbalaghe. This research tries to examine the images and paramount elements in this sermon and how they are displayed using an analytical-descriptive method and based on Sayyid Qutb's theory. The images are depicted by rhythmic sentences. Their music and rhythm correspond to the atmosphere prevailing in each section of the sermon, altering with the change of the subject and having ups and downs, strength and weakness, and slowness and quickness. When the subject is about God, sentences are short, inspiring quickness in God's verbs. When it is about human, sentences are long, evoking a sense of human weakness. In regard to the events beyond human will, sentences are as short as a verb, being a reminder of how quick they occur, which, in turn, cause an increase in hearers' fear. The repetition of words in each section is in accordance with the subject. Figures of speech have been more widely used in creating images than figures of eloquence. , Image is an art by which words reflect meaning musically, exciting hearers' imagination and influencing their emotions. Moneqe Sermon is one of the four sermons collected by Ibn Naqe Kufi in the Appendix of Nahjolbalaghe. This research tries to examine the images and paramount elements in this sermon and how they are displayed using an analytical-descriptive method and based on Sayyid Qutb's theory. The images are depicted by rhythmic sentences. Their music and rhythm correspond to the atmosphere prevailing in each section of the sermon, altering with the change of the subject and having ups and downs, strength and weakness, and slowness and quickness. When the subject is about God, sentences are short, inspiring quickness in God's verbs. When it is about human, sentences are long, evoking a sense of human weakness. In regard to the events beyond human will, sentences are as short as a verb, being a reminder of how quick they occur, which, in turn, cause an increase in hearers' fear. The repetition of words in each section is in accordance with the subject. Figures of speech have been more widely used in creating images than figures of eloquence. ,

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 Analysis of the meaning language system of in surah of Mozammel on thebasis halliday's theory Analysis of the meaning language system of in surah of Mozammel on thebasis halliday's theory 221 245 4318 10.30465/afg.2019.4318 AR Maryam Azizkhani Ph.D. in Arabic Literature & Language, Isfahan University Seyyed Reza Solimanzadeh Najafi Associate Professor, Department of Arabic, Isfahan University Journal Article 2019 12 04 The functional approach has different schools for example school of londone. This school(1916) have founders and the most prominent among them is Maikel Halliday who develop the contextual theory of firth(1960) then position a linguistics theory called it systemic grammar(1985).This theory is based on multiple language functions. In the present study, by using the descriptive-analytical approachtries Surah of Mozammel are linguistically analyzed according to Halliday's systemic grammar in three aspects; experiential, interpersonal, and textual metafunction. Regarding the experiential metafunction, it was found out that the material process enjoys the most frequency and through its clarity and its presence aborad the role of the prophet and the belivers in the community on the on hand and the ease of communicating the message on the other. With respect to interpersonal metafunction, we found that polarity of all verses is positive and the verses are full of declarative mood and tells the categorical incidents of Surah. The analysis of textual metafunction revealed that Simpeltheme has high frequency. Further, including given information in theme position. The analysis of verses with respect to cohesion revealed that grammatical cohesion has a prominent role in the integrity of verses. The functional approach has different schools for example school of londone. This school(1916) have founders and the most prominent among them is Maikel Halliday who develop the contextual theory of firth(1960) then position a linguistics theory called it systemic grammar(1985).This theory is based on multiple language functions. In the present study, by using the descriptive-analytical approachtries Surah of Mozammel are linguistically analyzed according to Halliday's systemic grammar in three aspects; experiential, interpersonal, and textual metafunction. Regarding the experiential metafunction, it was found out that the material process enjoys the most frequency and through its clarity and its presence aborad the role of the prophet and the belivers in the community on the on hand and the ease of communicating the message on the other. With respect to interpersonal metafunction, we found that polarity of all verses is positive and the verses are full of declarative mood and tells the categorical incidents of Surah. The analysis of textual metafunction revealed that Simpeltheme has high frequency. Further, including given information in theme position. The analysis of verses with respect to cohesion revealed that grammatical cohesion has a prominent role in the integrity of verses.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 Exploring rhymes and approaches to use it in the Palestinian resistance poetry. (Research in two phonetic and semantic structures) Exploring rhymes and approaches to use it in the Palestinian resistance poetry. (Research in two phonetic and semantic structures) 247 281 4288 10.30465/afg.2019.4288 AR HosainKyanee HosainKyanee Associate professor, department of Arabic Literature and language, Shiraz University, Amin Nazariterizi Ph,D. Arabic Literature and language, Isfahan University Journal Article 2019 12 01 Rhyme is one of the most important elements in the structure of poetry, which has a semantic function alongside the phonetic and musical function. This technique has become especially important in conveying the meaning and feelings of the speaker in the new Arabic poetry in general and in the Palestinian sustainability poetry. study is based on the Divan of the five poets of this period. In an analytical method, this study tries to analyze the role of the rhymes in two phonological structures, the types of rhymes and the approaches of using it in the Palestinian sustainability resistance poetry after the 1967 defeat. The findings of the present study indicate that the versatile mixture of rhymes, especially the free rhyme, has been the most frequent variable in the poetry of this period, so that at many times the level of awareness that the poet of Naksa has come to grips with this rhyme and often has semantic function In some cases, this type of rhyme appears for the phonetic function and breaking the uniformity of a simple rhyme. But the simple equal rhyme has a low frequency and has often been shown to play a role in the phonetic structure. Rhyme is one of the most important elements in the structure of poetry, which has a semantic function alongside the phonetic and musical function. This technique has become especially important in conveying the meaning and feelings of the speaker in the new Arabic poetry in general and in the Palestinian sustainability poetry. study is based on the Divan of the five poets of this period. In an analytical method, this study tries to analyze the role of the rhymes in two phonological structures, the types of rhymes and the approaches of using it in the Palestinian sustainability resistance poetry after the 1967 defeat. The findings of the present study indicate that the versatile mixture of rhymes, especially the free rhyme, has been the most frequent variable in the poetry of this period, so that at many times the level of awareness that the poet of Naksa has come to grips with this rhyme and often has semantic function In some cases, this type of rhyme appears for the phonetic function and breaking the uniformity of a simple rhyme. But the simple equal rhyme has a low frequency and has often been shown to play a role in the phonetic structure.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 A Study in "Sajda Karbala" of Abd AL VahhabZahede A Study in "Sajda Karbala" of Abd AL VahhabZahede 283 310 3909 10.30465/afg.2019.3909 AR Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran Hamed Janadele PhD student in Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran Journal Article 2019 07 14 The present study discusses "Sajda Karbala" from a stylistic approach depends on the different levels in modern linguistics field ( phonetic syntactical, structral and rhetorical in addition to the psychological aspects as means of analyse the literary text and uncovering its deep structure in which the summit lies in giving applied study to the poem . The study begins with giving a general definition to the poem and definition to the concept to stylistics, the researcher tackles the linguistic levels that emphasizes the rhythm and phonemic units and the different meanings and implicatrons associated with these. The study then shifts to tow levels, the syntactical level and grammatical level in dealing with the forms to the most prominent nouns, apart from the grammatical phenomena and constrnctions. The study then discusses the rhetorical level represented by the artistic representation and summetry. The representation depending on simile, metaphor, rhythm, apposition and assonance. In forming the artistic image in the poema formation that betray, an artistic summetry and harmony in the general structure to the poem. The present study discusses "Sajda Karbala" from a stylistic approach depends on the different levels in modern linguistics field ( phonetic syntactical, structral and rhetorical in addition to the psychological aspects as means of analyse the literary text and uncovering its deep structure in which the summit lies in giving applied study to the poem . The study begins with giving a general definition to the poem and definition to the concept to stylistics, the researcher tackles the linguistic levels that emphasizes the rhythm and phonemic units and the different meanings and implicatrons associated with these. The study then shifts to tow levels, the syntactical level and grammatical level in dealing with the forms to the most prominent nouns, apart from the grammatical phenomena and constrnctions. The study then discusses the rhetorical level represented by the artistic representation and summetry. The representation depending on simile, metaphor, rhythm, apposition and assonance. In forming the artistic image in the poema formation that betray, an artistic summetry and harmony in the general structure to the poem.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 philosophical thoughtof NAJIB MAHFOUZ in his narrative discourse philosophical thoughtof NAJIB MAHFOUZ in his narrative discourse 311 335 4287 10.30465/afg.2019.4287 AR Alireza Nazari Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Imam Khomeini International University Journal Article 2019 12 01 The novel "Children of Gebelawi" is a symbolic novel that narrates the history of human life, centered around the lives of great prophets.But in fact it is a philosophical statementEspecially in the final section that Arafeh enters the storyAnd all events are about him as a symbol of science.Najib has reserved this character to express his philosophical view of science and its opposition to religion and its surrender to power.The necessity of research is that this thought was initially a Weste thought but could affect some intellectuals and writers in the Muslim world.So that they became the propagators of that thought using literary techniques.The article aims at a descriptive- analytical approach to signify various aspects of thoughts in relation to science. This is done by studying the symbolic actions taken in relation to the character of Arafeh. Perspectives that are put forth consider the roots of science, interaction of science and religion and its relation to power and power holders, failure, deviation of science and other issues to analyze the character of Arafeh. The novel "Children of Gebelawi" is a symbolic novel that narrates the history of human life, centered around the lives of great prophets.But in fact it is a philosophical statementEspecially in the final section that Arafeh enters the storyAnd all events are about him as a symbol of science.Najib has reserved this character to express his philosophical view of science and its opposition to religion and its surrender to power.The necessity of research is that this thought was initially a Weste thought but could affect some intellectuals and writers in the Muslim world.So that they became the propagators of that thought using literary techniques.The article aims at a descriptive- analytical approach to signify various aspects of thoughts in relation to science. This is done by studying the symbolic actions taken in relation to the character of Arafeh. Perspectives that are put forth consider the roots of science, interaction of science and religion and its relation to power and power holders, failure, deviation of science and other issues to analyze the character of Arafeh.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 22 1 2019 05 01 Abstract Abstract 5683 AR Journal Article 2020 10 20