Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 The circulation of communicative discourse in Said Al-Saqlawi's resistance poetry: the case of the poem "the cry of a child" The circulation of communicative discourse in Said Al-Saqlawi's resistance poetry: the case of the poem "the cry of a child" 1 26 5161 10.30465/afg.2020.5161 AR Rasool Balawi Associate Professor, department of Arabic language and literature, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr – Iran Journal Article 2020 06 15 Poetry is an inspiring means that indicates the human being's life and their psychological statuses and it reveals the inner side of people. And, to communicate with others it depends on the creative discourse that fulfill the semantic purposes. So, poets used different effective techniques to transfer their thoughts and feelings to the reader and to communicate with him. The Ommani poet Said Al-Saqlawi is one of thos poets that used the creative-communicative discourse to express the inner side of people's life. In this study, we chose the poet "the cry of the child" to be the case because it has a rebellious discourse and it is a humanitarian process and a sympathetic attitude to the oppressed people of Palestine. The poet used aesthetics beside the creative texts to impress the reader and to capture his heart. He applied linguistic means that transfer the poet's emotions to the reader and guarantee the communication process. This descriptive analytical study surveyed the significant creative techniques that made the reader interact in the communication process such as cinematic discourse, press discourse, and convincing discourse. And, the study is to discover the creative techniques that support the text with semantic meanings to communicate with the reader. We concluded that the poet Said Al-Saqlawi in this creative poem tried to effect the reader to take a honourable stand with Palestinian case and the children's suffering. That is why he used a bunch of rousing and motivating means. Poetry is an inspiring means that indicates the human being's life and their psychological statuses and it reveals the inner side of people. And, to communicate with others it depends on the creative discourse that fulfill the semantic purposes. So, poets used different effective techniques to transfer their thoughts and feelings to the reader and to communicate with him. The Ommani poet Said Al-Saqlawi is one of thos poets that used the creative-communicative discourse to express the inner side of people's life. In this study, we chose the poet "the cry of the child" to be the case because it has a rebellious discourse and it is a humanitarian process and a sympathetic attitude to the oppressed people of Palestine. The poet used aesthetics beside the creative texts to impress the reader and to capture his heart. He applied linguistic means that transfer the poet's emotions to the reader and guarantee the communication process. This descriptive analytical study surveyed the significant creative techniques that made the reader interact in the communication process such as cinematic discourse, press discourse, and convincing discourse. And, the study is to discover the creative techniques that support the text with semantic meanings to communicate with the reader. We concluded that the poet Said Al-Saqlawi in this creative poem tried to effect the reader to take a honourable stand with Palestinian case and the children's suffering. That is why he used a bunch of rousing and motivating means.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 . . 27 48 5718 10.30465/afg.2021.5718 AR Alii Banaee Assistant Professor at the Department of Qur’an and Hadith Sciences at Allama Tabatbay University Journal Article 2020 11 01 . .

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 Multilingualism and Its Influence in Tafsir al-Mizan (Linguistic Research) Multilingualism and Its Influence in Tafsir al-Mizan (Linguistic Research) 49 76 5459 10.30465/afg.2021.5459 AR Abdulghader Pariz Assistant Professor in department of Arabic Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba'i University Reza Jalili Gilandeh Masters in department of Arabic Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba'i University Journal Article 2020 09 05 “Multilingualism” is a natural, humanly, and historical phenomenon, because human being is not needless of the reciprocal understanding resulting from language. The present study investigates the phenomenon of multilingualism and its effect on writing, the extent it influenced Allame tabataba’i, the role it played in his writing the Al-Mizan and the effect of this phenomenon on the readers of Al-Mizan. The concept of “multilingualism” is different from “ diglossia” and “bilingualism”. Diglossia is the interference of more than one accent in one language, while bilingualism is the interference of two languages. An individual is inherently capable of acquiring language during childhood. Since Allame didn’t learn Arabic in his childhood, so by the time he learnt this language, he didn’t have that inherent ability so that in writing Al-Mizan he faced linguistic challenges. Those challenges were at three levels: morphological, syntactic, and lexical, meaning, the Arabic text of Al-Mizan was influenced by the Persian and the Turkish language under these three linguistic levels. After analysis, it was evident that this challenges cause linguistic complexities. Sometimes these complexities are to the point that the reader doesn’t understand the sentence, or he/she understands the sentences in a way that was not intended by the author. Adopting analytical and descriptive method, the researcher studies the issue of multilingualism, the mindset of the Al-Mizan author and the reason of the linguistic challenges. Therefore, this research doesn’t study the difficulties an Arab encounter in such endeavor, but the influence of first language on the second language. “Multilingualism” is a natural, humanly, and historical phenomenon, because human being is not needless of the reciprocal understanding resulting from language. The present study investigates the phenomenon of multilingualism and its effect on writing, the extent it influenced Allame tabataba’i, the role it played in his writing the Al-Mizan and the effect of this phenomenon on the readers of Al-Mizan. The concept of “multilingualism” is different from “ diglossia” and “bilingualism”. Diglossia is the interference of more than one accent in one language, while bilingualism is the interference of two languages. An individual is inherently capable of acquiring language during childhood. Since Allame didn’t learn Arabic in his childhood, so by the time he learnt this language, he didn’t have that inherent ability so that in writing Al-Mizan he faced linguistic challenges. Those challenges were at three levels: morphological, syntactic, and lexical, meaning, the Arabic text of Al-Mizan was influenced by the Persian and the Turkish language under these three linguistic levels. After analysis, it was evident that this challenges cause linguistic complexities. Sometimes these complexities are to the point that the reader doesn’t understand the sentence, or he/she understands the sentences in a way that was not intended by the author. Adopting analytical and descriptive method, the researcher studies the issue of multilingualism, the mindset of the Al-Mizan author and the reason of the linguistic challenges. Therefore, this research doesn’t study the difficulties an Arab encounter in such endeavor, but the influence of first language on the second language.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 Poetic answers to Wahhabi doubts Poetic answers to Wahhabi doubts 77 108 5824 10.30465/afg.2021.5824 AR Saad Jabryani PhD student in Arabic language and literature at Razi University Toraj Zeinivand Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University Yahya Marouf Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University Jahangir Amiri Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University Journal Article 2020 12 03 Committed poets, thinkers and thinkers, people with a precise approach to affairs and with experience and wisdom, their reserves and resources will never allow them to be isolated and indifferent to the events of their surroundings. Undoubtedly, the Wahhabi tragedy that has befallen Muslims since the second half of the 12th century AH was the most important event of the Islamic Ummah. Muslims - of all faiths and religions - have risen up against it and enlightened public opinion through cultural activities such as composing books and publishing poems by poets and with larynxes who sang and sang songs and published poems rejecting Wahhabism. These poems and these words disgraced the suspicions that shook the pillar of Islam and destroyed the pillars of religion, and sometimes with magicians and the wisdom of poetry and sometimes with reason and narration and by using rhetorical aesthetic images and various literary styles for defense. From their beliefs and religion, crush them, and expose their lies. This article seeks to examine and analyze the responses of poets who rejected the Wahhabi ideas for a decisive and concise reason, along with a brief look at the history of the Wahhabi movement Committed poets, thinkers and thinkers, people with a precise approach to affairs and with experience and wisdom, their reserves and resources will never allow them to be isolated and indifferent to the events of their surroundings. Undoubtedly, the Wahhabi tragedy that has befallen Muslims since the second half of the 12th century AH was the most important event of the Islamic Ummah. Muslims - of all faiths and religions - have risen up against it and enlightened public opinion through cultural activities such as composing books and publishing poems by poets and with larynxes who sang and sang songs and published poems rejecting Wahhabism. These poems and these words disgraced the suspicions that shook the pillar of Islam and destroyed the pillars of religion, and sometimes with magicians and the wisdom of poetry and sometimes with reason and narration and by using rhetorical aesthetic images and various literary styles for defense. From their beliefs and religion, crush them, and expose their lies. This article seeks to examine and analyze the responses of poets who rejected the Wahhabi ideas for a decisive and concise reason, along with a brief look at the history of the Wahhabi movement

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 Analysis of Reza Shah Pahlavi's manner toward encounter with Qajar dynasty endowments Analysis of Reza Shah Pahlavi's manner toward encounter with Qajar dynasty endowments 109 140 5825 10.30465/afg.2021.5825 AR Shahnaz Shabanipour Ph.D student in history, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. Abbas Ahmadvand Associate Professor in Department of History and Civilization, Shahid Beheshti University Sina Foruzesh Assistant Professor in History, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 12 03 The Qajars (1795-1925) should be put among those rulers of Iran that by considering the prevalence of religious religiosity and livelihood, constantly maintained the appearance of religion and paid attention to the prosperity of religious institutions such as endowment and religious consumption of endowment resources. Endowment, the prevalence of which is also affected by the variables of political unrest, was highly regarded by the governing body and the general public during the Qajar period. When Reza Khan came to power, who sought to further weaken the institution of religion in the general sense and reduce the influence of the clergy in the specific sense, the Pahlavi dynasty sought to dominate the financial resources of the endowments as much as possible to increase its financial power and legitimacy and to reduce the financial strength of the rival institution - the clergy. The present study, using the historical contextual approach and also relying on some surviving documents, analyzes and categorizes Reza Khan's actions in dominating the endowments of the Qajar era. This study shows that Reza Khan's domination of the Qajar endowments is, in fact, part of his grand plan to overthrow the clergy and to continue his other challenges with them in the fields of education and justice. The Qajars (1795-1925) should be put among those rulers of Iran that by considering the prevalence of religious religiosity and livelihood, constantly maintained the appearance of religion and paid attention to the prosperity of religious institutions such as endowment and religious consumption of endowment resources. Endowment, the prevalence of which is also affected by the variables of political unrest, was highly regarded by the governing body and the general public during the Qajar period. When Reza Khan came to power, who sought to further weaken the institution of religion in the general sense and reduce the influence of the clergy in the specific sense, the Pahlavi dynasty sought to dominate the financial resources of the endowments as much as possible to increase its financial power and legitimacy and to reduce the financial strength of the rival institution - the clergy. The present study, using the historical contextual approach and also relying on some surviving documents, analyzes and categorizes Reza Khan's actions in dominating the endowments of the Qajar era. This study shows that Reza Khan's domination of the Qajar endowments is, in fact, part of his grand plan to overthrow the clergy and to continue his other challenges with them in the fields of education and justice.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 A historical and critical study on the proportion of the manuscript of Rasa'il al-Adab by Abu al-Fadl ibn al-Ameed A historical and critical study on the proportion of the manuscript of Rasa'il al-Adab by Abu al-Fadl ibn al-Ameed 141 164 5433 10.30465/afg.2021.5433 AR Abdolali Faizullahzadeh Assistant Professor in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature in Shahid Beheshti University Samira Jokar PhD student in Arabic Language and Literature in Shahid Beheshti University Journal Article 2020 08 24 The manuscripts are among the most important of what is left for us from a legacy that should be revived for its intellectual, litetary and lingual richness. This motivation has prompt us to stand on a number of messages attributed to Ibn Al-Ameed, being a writer of the Fourth Century of the Islamic Calendar, whose name reverberated in the fields of politics and literature, and who left writings and letters that astonish minds and souls. He used assonance, and methods of description and rhetoric, which became a trajectory for the following generations. As for the written manuscripts, on which the two researchers stood, contain structures and sentences similar to the letters of Ibn Al-Ameed, and others dissimilar to them historically and stylistically, which led them to look through historical resources to assertain the names and places mentioned in the literary letters attributed to him. As a result, they concluded that the letters attributed to Ibn Al-Ameed in the manuscript are not his, but of Persian writers who belong to an era not far from ours. However, the two researchers, after going further in the literary and historical resources, could not get the name(s) of the manuscript's writer(s). It would seem that the reason of association was including their own opinions within that of Ibn Al-Ameed to defame his reputation and status. The manuscripts are among the most important of what is left for us from a legacy that should be revived for its intellectual, litetary and lingual richness. This motivation has prompt us to stand on a number of messages attributed to Ibn Al-Ameed, being a writer of the Fourth Century of the Islamic Calendar, whose name reverberated in the fields of politics and literature, and who left writings and letters that astonish minds and souls. He used assonance, and methods of description and rhetoric, which became a trajectory for the following generations. As for the written manuscripts, on which the two researchers stood, contain structures and sentences similar to the letters of Ibn Al-Ameed, and others dissimilar to them historically and stylistically, which led them to look through historical resources to assertain the names and places mentioned in the literary letters attributed to him. As a result, they concluded that the letters attributed to Ibn Al-Ameed in the manuscript are not his, but of Persian writers who belong to an era not far from ours. However, the two researchers, after going further in the literary and historical resources, could not get the name(s) of the manuscript's writer(s). It would seem that the reason of association was including their own opinions within that of Ibn Al-Ameed to defame his reputation and status.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 Carpet inscription; Evidence of the prosperity of the tradition of endowment in the era of Karim Khan Zand (1193-1163 AH) Carpet inscription; Evidence of the prosperity of the tradition of endowment in the era of Karim Khan Zand (1193-1163 AH) 165 190 5458 10.30465/afg.2021.5458 AR Samaneh Kakavand Assistant Professor, Faculty of Applied Arts, University of Art Journal Article 2020 09 05 The study of human religion and beliefs reveals truths from their worldview. The study of the spiritual category of "endowment" in the era of Zand (1203-1163 AH) is such facts. Prisoners did not have a unified kingdom and ruled for a short time; But like any historical period, they left a material and spiritual heritage. Scholars and historians of the endowment tradition have paid less attention to the Zand period and noted its lack of prosperity. While there is evidence and documents indicating the prevalence of endowment, endowments and the existence of the Ministry ofendowment in the era of Karim Khan Zand (1193-1163 AH). Lack of various documents is the main obstacle for researchers of this historical period. Therefore, any related document is valuable. An example of a study is the one-piece carpet inscription left over from the Zand era in the National Museum of Iran. The research problem is explicit and implicit exploration of the one-board endowment carpet inscription from the mentioned period, with the approach of enlightenment, part of the situation of endowments of Zand era. The study of the endowment statue in the carpet inscription is the most important goal of this research. The sampling method was improbable. The achievements of this article were the result of library studies and museum observations. The research is qualitative and the research method is descriptive and historical while analyzing documents. The present study was based on the documentary study of the endowment carpet inscription and led to the understanding of the endowment mechanism, components and conditions of the endowment in the mentioned work. The study of the carpet inscription showed the prevalence of the tradition of endowment, endowments and the presence of endowment in the era of Karim Khan Zand. In addition, the carpet inscription narrates the religious beliefs of benefactor, Taqi Khan Durrani. The carpet inscription in this research is a historical document The study of human religion and beliefs reveals truths from their worldview. The study of the spiritual category of "endowment" in the era of Zand (1203-1163 AH) is such facts. Prisoners did not have a unified kingdom and ruled for a short time; But like any historical period, they left a material and spiritual heritage. Scholars and historians of the endowment tradition have paid less attention to the Zand period and noted its lack of prosperity. While there is evidence and documents indicating the prevalence of endowment, endowments and the existence of the Ministry ofendowment in the era of Karim Khan Zand (1193-1163 AH). Lack of various documents is the main obstacle for researchers of this historical period. Therefore, any related document is valuable. An example of a study is the one-piece carpet inscription left over from the Zand era in the National Museum of Iran. The research problem is explicit and implicit exploration of the one-board endowment carpet inscription from the mentioned period, with the approach of enlightenment, part of the situation of endowments of Zand era. The study of the endowment statue in the carpet inscription is the most important goal of this research. The sampling method was improbable. The achievements of this article were the result of library studies and museum observations. The research is qualitative and the research method is descriptive and historical while analyzing documents. The present study was based on the documentary study of the endowment carpet inscription and led to the understanding of the endowment mechanism, components and conditions of the endowment in the mentioned work. The study of the carpet inscription showed the prevalence of the tradition of endowment, endowments and the presence of endowment in the era of Karim Khan Zand. In addition, the carpet inscription narrates the religious beliefs of benefactor, Taqi Khan Durrani. The carpet inscription in this research is a historical document

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 Multiple Interpretations of Phrase by Preposition Deletion in Holy Quran Multiple Interpretations of Phrase by Preposition Deletion in Holy Quran 191 218 5745 10.30465/afg.2021.5745 AR Fatemeh Molayem Assistant professor, Syntax and rhetoric, Imam Sadiq University 0000-0002-1801-828X Journal Article 2020 11 07 Deletion of a preposition in Holy Quran is one of the examples of stylistic diversity and the techniques of disobedience from linguistic rules. Holy Quran utilizes this technique that is rich in rhetorical and semantic achievements base on the situation in which the speech is expressed. This research studies the structural rhetoric of preposition omission in some verses of Holy Quran using an analytical descriptive method. The goal is to find an explanation for the effect of proposition deletion on the meaning of the versus. We show that the deletion creates a gap in the phrases by disobeying the linguistic rules, which in turn leads to breaks. However, the deletion enriches the meaning of the phrases and makes them coherent. This guides the skilled audience to interpret multiple meanings. In the whole process, the audience fills the gaps and that in turn makes the phrases consistent while having multifaceted interpretations. The audience, in fact, assumes two or more prepositions and more possibilities. We show that most of the examples of Deletion in Holy Quran can lead to multifaceted interpretations through the assumption of several possible rules for the word deleted in the phrase. Deletion of a preposition in Holy Quran is one of the examples of stylistic diversity and the techniques of disobedience from linguistic rules. Holy Quran utilizes this technique that is rich in rhetorical and semantic achievements base on the situation in which the speech is expressed. This research studies the structural rhetoric of preposition omission in some verses of Holy Quran using an analytical descriptive method. The goal is to find an explanation for the effect of proposition deletion on the meaning of the versus. We show that the deletion creates a gap in the phrases by disobeying the linguistic rules, which in turn leads to breaks. However, the deletion enriches the meaning of the phrases and makes them coherent. This guides the skilled audience to interpret multiple meanings. In the whole process, the audience fills the gaps and that in turn makes the phrases consistent while having multifaceted interpretations. The audience, in fact, assumes two or more prepositions and more possibilities. We show that most of the examples of Deletion in Holy Quran can lead to multifaceted interpretations through the assumption of several possible rules for the word deleted in the phrase.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 Imaging of “Self” and “Other” in Sinan Antoon’s Wahdaha Shajarat al-Rumman (The Pomegranate Alone): An Imagological Study Imaging of “Self” and “Other” in Sinan Antoon’s Wahdaha Shajarat al-Rumman (The Pomegranate Alone): An Imagological Study 219 248 5358 10.30465/afg.2020.5358 AR Seyed Ayad Mousavi student of Arabic language and literature, Khorramabad University – Lorestan Ali Nazari . Professor of Arabic Language and Literature at Khorramabad University - Lorestan. Journal Article 2020 07 31 The issue of “self” and “other” is among the most important subjects that the Arabic novel in general and the Iraqi novel in particular have dealt with. These two cases are clearly seen in the text of many texts. Many other American writers have portrayed one in a very violent way, another as a rebel, and another as a posthumous one, which has caused my Arab defeat, repression, and suffering. So self and other are very important issues in imagology. The self of the story is basically a creation of interaction with the world, and looking at me depends on another cognition. One of my most important manifestations of self is presented during attitudes toward the other. Attitude towards another is based on the self’s vision and attitudes through my culture. So the other appears in my mirror. And the questions that occupied our minds: What are my characteristics in this story? And how does the other appear in this story? And what good is it for someone who reads this research from Iran?Sinan Antoon’s novels provided a vast space for my research and that of others. The writer expresses the other in many different ways, just as he illustrates the self in looking at the other. This research studies self and other in the novel Wahdaha Shajarat al-Rumman (The Pomegranate Alone). The results show that the self of the story is illustrated as a Shi'ite Iraqi self, and that the other is a Ba'athist, American, or terrorist. The issue of “self” and “other” is among the most important subjects that the Arabic novel in general and the Iraqi novel in particular have dealt with. These two cases are clearly seen in the text of many texts. Many other American writers have portrayed one in a very violent way, another as a rebel, and another as a posthumous one, which has caused my Arab defeat, repression, and suffering. So self and other are very important issues in imagology. The self of the story is basically a creation of interaction with the world, and looking at me depends on another cognition. One of my most important manifestations of self is presented during attitudes toward the other. Attitude towards another is based on the self’s vision and attitudes through my culture. So the other appears in my mirror. And the questions that occupied our minds: What are my characteristics in this story? And how does the other appear in this story? And what good is it for someone who reads this research from Iran?Sinan Antoon’s novels provided a vast space for my research and that of others. The writer expresses the other in many different ways, just as he illustrates the self in looking at the other. This research studies self and other in the novel Wahdaha Shajarat al-Rumman (The Pomegranate Alone). The results show that the self of the story is illustrated as a Shi'ite Iraqi self, and that the other is a Ba'athist, American, or terrorist.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 The role of the Arabic language and its cultural load in the prosperity of tourism marketing Iran - Mashhad as an Example The role of the Arabic language and its cultural load in the prosperity of tourism marketing Iran - Mashhad as an Example 249 278 5597 10.30465/afg.2021.5597 AR Mostafa Mahdavi Ara Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature Deptment. Hakim Sabzevari University Ahmad Dinari P.h.D student in Tourism Management and Marketing, University of Science and Culture Journal Article 2020 09 29 Undoubtedly, language has an important role in tourism marketing in various areas of advertising, service and customer influencing and is an important tool in how to communicate with the tourist and attract and retain him / her. The Arabic language and its cultural and Islamic heritage can boost the tourism sector and attract Arab-speaking tourists to Iran, especially Mashhad. The use of this language as a communication tool in the field of tourism as the language of the Islamic Ummah and the use of its civilizational and Islamic aspects can preserve the position of this language and Islamic culture in the face of the danger of globalization of other languages and on the other hand the development and The flourishing of tourism industry in Mashhad. This study aims to study the role of Arabic language and its civilization function in tourism field of Mashhad through descriptive-analytical method. The need to pay attention to the tourism sector and its prosperity as a fledgling and currency-based industry, relying on the role of the Arabic language in its development, explains the need for such research. The results of this study show that Arabic language and Islamic civilization have four important functions in the tourism industry. Its effective function is in the field of e-marketing. Its communication function is manifested in the interaction of human resources of different tourism sectors with Arabic-speaking tourists. The organized and guiding function of the language makes the traveler comfortable in touring tourist sites and influences his behavior. The fourth function of the Arabic language and its civilizational burden is manifested in the diversity of tourism products in the city of Mashhad. Undoubtedly, language has an important role in tourism marketing in various areas of advertising, service and customer influencing and is an important tool in how to communicate with the tourist and attract and retain him / her. The Arabic language and its cultural and Islamic heritage can boost the tourism sector and attract Arab-speaking tourists to Iran, especially Mashhad. The use of this language as a communication tool in the field of tourism as the language of the Islamic Ummah and the use of its civilizational and Islamic aspects can preserve the position of this language and Islamic culture in the face of the danger of globalization of other languages and on the other hand the development and The flourishing of tourism industry in Mashhad. This study aims to study the role of Arabic language and its civilization function in tourism field of Mashhad through descriptive-analytical method. The need to pay attention to the tourism sector and its prosperity as a fledgling and currency-based industry, relying on the role of the Arabic language in its development, explains the need for such research. The results of this study show that Arabic language and Islamic civilization have four important functions in the tourism industry. Its effective function is in the field of e-marketing. Its communication function is manifested in the interaction of human resources of different tourism sectors with Arabic-speaking tourists. The organized and guiding function of the language makes the traveler comfortable in touring tourist sites and influences his behavior. The fourth function of the Arabic language and its civilizational burden is manifested in the diversity of tourism products in the city of Mashhad.

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 . . 279 298 5701 10.30465/afg.2021.5701 AR Maryam Mahdipanah Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Majid Maaref . Hadi Nasiri University of Quranic Sciences – Qum Journal Article 2020 10 29 . .

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 . . 299 326 5735 10.30465/afg.2021.5735 AR Hamid Reza Mirhaji Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Illama Tabatabai, Tehran Amir Mesgar PhD student at the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at Al-Eulama Tabatabai University, Tehran Journal Article 2020 11 02 . .

Institute for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies آفاق الحضارة الاسلامية 1562-6822 23 2 2021 02 01 . . 6289 AR Journal Article 2021 04 21 . .